Lower Limb 4

Anteriorly: separated from abdominal wall by inguinal ligament. Posteriorly: separated from gluteal region by gluteal fold superficially, and by gluteus maximus and quadratus femoris deeply.


Three routes: Posteriorly: with gluteal region/ sciatic nerve. Anteriorly: with abdominal cavity/ iliopsoas, pectineus, femoral nerve, artery and vein, lymphatics. Medially: with pelvic cavity/ obturator nerve, artery and vein.

Three compartments: Anterior compartment. Posterior compartment. Medial compartment.

Bones

Shaft and distal end of femur

Linea aspera.


Medial and lateral supracondylar lines. Adductor tubercle. Medial condyle. Lateral condyle.

Intercondylar fossa.

Walls of intercondylar fossa: Lateral surface of medial condyle: posterior cruciate ligament. Medial surface of lateral condyle: anterior cruciate ligament.


Two facets posterior to lateral epicondyle: Upper facet for lateral head of gastrocnemius. Lower facet for popliteus.

Medial epicondyle.

Patella


Patella is triangular: Apex: for patellar ligament. (inferiorly) Base: for quadriceps femoris. (superiorly) Posterior surface: for articulation with the femur.

Proximal end of tibia

Medial condyle. Lateral condyle.

Tibial tuberosity.

Tibial condyles and intercondylar areas

Medial intercondylar tubercle. Lateral intercondylar tubercle.

Intercondylar eminence.

Anterior intercondylar area: has 3 facets: Anterior facet: for anterior end of medial meniscus. Posterior to it: for anterior cruciate ligament. Lateral to it: for anterior end of lateral meniscus.


Posterior intercondylar area: has 3 facets: Anterior facet: for posterior end of lateral meniscus. Posteromedial to it: for posterior end of medial meniscus. Posterior to it: for posterior cruciate ligament.

Tibial tuberosity

Patellar ligament.

Shaft of tibia

3 borders: Anterior border. Interosseous border. Medial border.

3 surfaces: Medial surface. Posterior surface. / (Soleal line). Lateral surface.

Proximal end of fibula

Head. Neck. Shaft.

3 borders: Anterior border. Posterior border. Interosseous border. 3 surfaces: Lateral surface. Posterior surface. Anterior surface.

Muscles

Anterior compartment. Medial compartment. Posterior compartment.

Anterior compartment

Psoas major and iliacus. Sartorius and rectus femoris. Vastus muscles.

Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)

Quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis, and rectus femoris)

Vastus muscles

Patellar ligament.

Vastus medialis. Vastus intermedius. Vastus lateralis.

Rectus femoris

Rectus femoris has 2 heads of origin: Straight head. Reflected head.

Patellar ligament

Sartorius