قياس الاطوال والمسافات

            ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

            ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

E 

E 

–

–

 

Learning courses

Learning courses

            ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

            ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

Length and Distance Measurement

Length and Distance Measurement

أ

أ

 .

 .

د

د

  /

  /

 ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ

 ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ

  ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ

  ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ

-

-

 هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ

 هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ

٢

٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت

 اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

        

        

:

:

 

 

      ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

      ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

       

       

:

:

  

  

         اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

         اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

       

       

:

:

  

  

            اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

            اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

         

         

:

:

  

  

    اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

    اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 

 

 اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

 اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

    

    

:

:

  

  

          اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

          اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

     اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

     اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

:

:

 

 

           ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

           ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 

 

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ

اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ

       

       

:

:

  

  

         اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎت واﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻖ واﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

         اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎت واﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻖ واﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

٣

٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

  اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

      ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

      ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

٤

٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

 ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

 

 

Definition of Length and Distance

Definition of Length and Distance

 ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت هﻮ أﺳﺎس آﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺎ

 ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت هﻮ أﺳﺎس آﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺎ

  س ﻓﻰ

  س ﻓﻰ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻗﻂ

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻗﻂ

  اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

  اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

.

.

  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻮل

  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻮل

:

:

           هﻮ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ هﺪف ﻣﻘﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﺪد

           هﻮ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ هﺪف ﻣﻘﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﺪد

 ،

 ،

   وهﻮ أﺣﺪ

   وهﻮ أﺣﺪ

 اﻷرآﺎن اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻜﺎل ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد

 اﻷرآﺎن اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻜﺎل ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد

 )

 )

  ﻃﻮل

  ﻃﻮل

–

–

   ﻋﺮض

   ﻋﺮض

–

–

 ارﺗﻔﺎع

 ارﺗﻔﺎع

  .(

  .(

  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

:

:

    هﻮ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ أى هﺪﻓﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاغ

    هﻮ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ أى هﺪﻓﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاغ

)

)

  ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد

  ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد

3D

3D

 ( 

 ( 

 

 

 **

 **

ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن آﺜﻴﺮ

ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن آﺜﻴﺮ

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

  ﻻ ﺗﻔﺮق آﺜﻴﺮا ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ

  ﻻ ﺗﻔﺮق آﺜﻴﺮا ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ

.

.

   ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

اﻟ

   ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

اﻟ

ﻄﻮل

اﻟ

ﻄﻮل

اﻟ

 ا

 ا

ب

ب

٥

٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ وأﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

 اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ وأﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

Observation vs. Measurement 

Observation vs. Measurement 

    أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

    أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

:

:

           هﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة واﺣﺪة

           هﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة واﺣﺪة

        ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة وﺑﺪون ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز أو اﻷداة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

        ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة وﺑﺪون ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز أو اﻷداة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

 .

 .

 ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺮاءة واﺣﺪة

 ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺮاءة واﺣﺪة

      ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أو زاوﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة

      ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أو زاوﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة

  ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

  ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

.

.

     أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

     أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

:

:

    هﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ

    هﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻢ

)

)

 ﻗﺒﻞ وأﺛﻨﺎء وﺑﻌﺪ

 ﻗﺒﻞ وأﺛﻨﺎء وﺑﻌﺪ

 (

 (

     ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

     ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

           ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ

           ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ

)

)

      اﻷﻗﺮب ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

      اﻷﻗﺮب ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

.(

.(

-

-

      أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

      أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

 :

 :

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮة

-

-

       ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ

       ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ

.....

.....

-

-

        أﻋﻤﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

        أﻋﻤﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

 :

 :

    اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ

    اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ

–

–

    ﺷﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

    ﺷﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

–

–

    ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﻬﺎز

    ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺠﻬﺎز

......

......

-

-

      أﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

      أﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ

 :

 :

    أﺧﺬ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت ﻟﻸرﺻﺎد

    أﺧﺬ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت ﻟﻸرﺻﺎد

–

–

      ﺟﺪاول اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت

      ﺟﺪاول اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت

.....

.....

 **

 **

                  اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻌﺎدى ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس

                  اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻌﺎدى ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس

                  اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ هﻮ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

                  اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ هﻮ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

.

.

٦

٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ﻃﺮق ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

  ﻃﺮق ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

      ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت وﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ

      ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت وﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ

        ﻟﻸدوات واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس واﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ

        ﻟﻸدوات واﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس واﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ

اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

.

.

   وﺑﺼﻔﺔ  ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻰ

   وﺑﺼﻔﺔ  ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻰ

:

:

١

١

-

-

 

 

اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

 ) 

 ) 

 ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 (

 (

                  

                  

Direct Methods of Measuring Lengths

Direct Methods of Measuring Lengths

٢

٢

-

-

 

 

اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

) 

) 

  ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

  ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

(

(

     

     

Indirect Methods of Measuring Distances

Indirect Methods of Measuring Distances

٧

٧

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

      اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

     اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

     اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

  

  

٨

٨

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

      اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 

 

Direct Methods of Measuring Lengths

Direct Methods of Measuring Lengths

                     ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮق ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ وﻃﺮق دﻗﻴﻘﺔ

                     ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻃﺮق ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ وﻃﺮق دﻗﻴﻘﺔ

 :

 :

٤

٤

 

 

-

-

    اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

    اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

Chain

Chain

 

 

٥

٥

 

 

-

-

    اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

    اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

Tape

Tape

 

 

١

١

 

 

-

-

       اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮة

       اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮة

Pacing

Pacing

 

 

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

        ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

        ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

Car Odometer

Car Odometer

 

 

٣

٣

 

 

-

-

      ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

      ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

Measuring Wheel

Measuring Wheel

٩

٩

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

-

-

 اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮة

 اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﻮة

 

 

PACING

PACING

-

-

      ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال اﻟﺨﻄﻮط

      ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال اﻟﺨﻄﻮط

.

.

-

-

    ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻬﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ

    ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻬﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ

.

.

-

-

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺑﻄﺮق أﺧﺮى

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺑﻄﺮق أﺧﺮى

.

.

-

-

        ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻰ

        ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻰ

.

.

-

-

         ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ذات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ

         ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ذات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ

.

.

-

-

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

١

١

\

\

٠٥

٠٥

  اﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠١

٠٠١

 

 

          اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎدة

)

Step

(

        اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ

)

Pace

(

٠١

٠١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

  ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

  ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

 

 

Car Odometer

Car Odometer

 

 

-

-

            اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ هﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻟﻔﺎت اﻹﻃﺎر

            اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ هﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻟﻔﺎت اﻹﻃﺎر

  .

  .

-

-

          ﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل

          ﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل

                اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ

                اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ

 .

 .

-

-

       ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى

       ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى

.

.

-

-

                  ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎت وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ

                  ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎت وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ

      ﻳﻤﻜﻦ  ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻮل

      ﻳﻤﻜﻦ  ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻮل

.

.

-

-

      اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ

      اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠١

٠٠١

١١

١١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٣

٣

-

-

  ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

Measuring Wheel

Measuring Wheel

-

-

  ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

  ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺪاد اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة

 .

 .

-

-

 وﺳﻴﻠﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 وﺳﻴﻠﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

.

.

-

-

 اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻷرض

 اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻷرض

 ،

 ،

  وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ

  وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ

  .

  .

-

-

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﺤﺪود واﻷﻃﻮ

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف واﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﺤﺪود واﻷﻃﻮ

 ال

 ال

اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة

اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة

 .

 .

-

-

      ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ذات اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻋﻤﺎ

      ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ذات اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻋﻤﺎ

 ل

 ل

 اﻟﻄﺮق

 اﻟﻄﺮق

       .

       .

-

-

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٢

٠٠٢

٢١

٢١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٤

٤

-

-

   اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

   اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

Chain

Chain

-

-

              ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻸﻃﻮال ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ

              ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻸﻃﻮال ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

  اﻟﻄﻮل

  اﻟﻄﻮل

٠٢

٠٢

          ﻣﺘﺮ وهﺬا ﻳﻤﺜﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

          ﻣﺘﺮ وهﺬا ﻳﻤﺜﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

.

.

-

-

    ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ

    ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ

٠٠١

٠٠١

          ﺳﻴﺦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ وآﻞ ﺳﻴﺦ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ

          ﺳﻴﺦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ وآﻞ ﺳﻴﺦ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ

 ،

 ،

 ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﻮل

 ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﻮل

    اﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة

    اﻟﻌﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة

٠٢

٠٢

ﺳﻢ

ﺳﻢ

.

.

-

-

     ﺗﺘﺼﻞ آﻞ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺮى  ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ

     ﺗﺘﺼﻞ آﻞ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺮى  ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ

٣

٣

      ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

      ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

 ،

 ،

    وﻳﺘﺪﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ

    وﻳﺘﺪﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ

            اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻧﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ

            اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻧﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ

.

.

-

-

          ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻤﻘﺒﻀﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس

          ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻤﻘﺒﻀﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس

.

.

-

-

       ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ ﺛﻘﻞ وزﻧﻪ وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﺮدﻩ وﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ

       ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ ﺛﻘﻞ وزﻧﻪ وﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﺮدﻩ وﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ

 .

 .

-

-

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٥

٠٠٥

   اﻟﻰ

   اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

. 

. 

٣١

٣١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

  ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

Chain shape

Chain shape

٤١

٤١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٥

٥

 

 

-

-

      اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

      اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

Tape

Tape

-

-

      ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺪﻗﺔ

      ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﺑﺪﻗﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

       أﻃﻮاﻟﻪ ﻋﺎدة ﺗﻜﻮن

       أﻃﻮاﻟﻪ ﻋﺎدة ﺗﻜﻮن

)

)

١

١

-

-

٢

٢

-

-

٣

٣

-

-

٥

٥

-

-

٠١

٠١

 ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﻦ

 ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﻦ

 (

 (

 أو

 أو

٠١

٠١

-

-

٠٢

٠٢

-

-

٠٣

٠٣

-

-

٠٥

٠٥

-

-

٠٠١

٠٠١

   ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﻦ

   ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﻦ

 (

 (

-

-

        ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻨﻬﺎ وﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ

        ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻨﻬﺎ وﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ

:

:

    ا

    ا

-

-

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ

 ﺗﻴﻞ

 ﺗﻴﻞ

 

 

Linen Tape (cloth) 

Linen Tape (cloth) 

 

 

  ب

  ب

-

-

    ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ

    ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ

)

)

 ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﺟﻼس

 ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﺟﻼس

   (

   (

Metallic (Fiberglass)

Metallic (Fiberglass)

 

 

   ـﺟ

   ـﺟ

-

-

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ

Steel Tape 

Steel Tape 

   د

   د

-

-

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ

إﻧﻔﺎر

إﻧﻔﺎر

 

 

Invar Tape

Invar Tape

 

 

 ـه

 ـه

-

-

       ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺟﻴﺒﻰ

       ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺟﻴﺒﻰ

Pocket  Steel Tape

Pocket  Steel Tape

 

 

   و

   و

-

-

     ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻗﻴﺎس رﻗﻤﻰ

     ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻗﻴﺎس رﻗﻤﻰ

Digital Measuring Tape

Digital Measuring Tape

 

 

           

           

 ز

 ز

-

-

        اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺪوار

        اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺪوار

Rolling Tape

Rolling Tape

-

-

       اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎت  ﻣﻦ

       اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎت  ﻣﻦ

١

١

 \

 \

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

   اﻟﻰ

   اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠٥

٠٠٠٥

 ،

 ،

   واﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

   واﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

  ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻂ

  ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻂ

اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

    ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

    ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠٠١

٠٠٠٠١

  اﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠٠٠٣

٠٠٠٠٠٣

    .

    .

٥١

٥١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ا

 ا

-

-

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

اﻟﺘﻴﻞ

اﻟﺘﻴﻞ

 

 

Linen Tape (cloth)

Linen Tape (cloth)

-

-

          ﻧﺴﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎن وﻣﻮﺟﻮد داﺧﻞ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ

          ﻧﺴﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎن وﻣﻮﺟﻮد داﺧﻞ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

   ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

   ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٢١

٢١

-

-

٥١

٥١

 ﻣﻢ

 ﻣﻢ

.

.

-

-

   أﻃﻮاﻟﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

   أﻃﻮاﻟﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٠١

٠١

  إﻟﻰ

  إﻟﻰ

٠٣

٠٣

 ﻣﺘﺮ

 ﻣﺘﺮ

.

.

-

-

            ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة ﻟﻔﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام

            ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة ﻟﻔﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام

.

.

-

-

              اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ  ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ

              اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ  ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

  ﻳﺤﺪث

  ﻳﺤﺪث

ﺑﻪ

ﺑﻪ

         اﻧﻜﻤﺎش إذا ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

         اﻧﻜﻤﺎش إذا ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

.

.

-

-

           ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

           ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

     .

     .

٦١

٦١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ب

 ب

-

-

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻰ

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻰ

)

)

ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﺟﻼس

ﻓﺎﻳﺒﺮﺟﻼس

(

(

 

 

Metallic (Fiberglass)

Metallic (Fiberglass)

 

 

-

-

   ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

  اﻟﺘﻴﻞ

  اﻟﺘﻴﻞ

         ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻧﺴﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎن

         ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻧﺴﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎن

            أﻳﻀﺎ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺄﺳﻼك ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس اﻟﻤﺮن

            أﻳﻀﺎ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺄﺳﻼك ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس اﻟﻤﺮن

.

.

-

-

   ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻰ

   ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻰ

٦١

٦١

  ﻣﻢ

  ﻣﻢ

 ،

 ،

    وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

    وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

.

.

-

-

              اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ  ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ

              اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ  ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

ﻻ

ﻻ

 

 

 ﻳﺤﺪث

 ﻳﺤﺪث

ﺑﻪ

ﺑﻪ

       اﻧﻜﻤﺎش إذا ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

       اﻧﻜﻤﺎش إذا ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

.

.

-

-

        ﻻ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ آﺜﻴﺮا ﺑﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

        ﻻ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ آﺜﻴﺮا ﺑﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

     .

     .

٧١

٧١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

   ـﺟ

   ـﺟ

-

-

  اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

  اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

 

 

Steel Tape

Steel Tape

-

-

       ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺮن

       ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺮن

 .

 .

-

-

          ﻣﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

          ﻣﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ

.

.

-

-

    ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ

    ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ

٦

٦

-

-

 

 

٠١

٠١

 ﻣﻢ

 ﻣﻢ

 ،

 ،

   وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

   وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

.

.

-

-

              ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪدﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

              ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪدﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

.

.

-

-

       ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ واﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻟﺬا ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﺮق

       ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ واﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻟﺬا ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﺮق

    أﺛﻨﺎء ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت

    أﺛﻨﺎء ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت

.

.

-

-

           ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ

           ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ

.

.

٨١

٨١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 د

 د

-

-

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

  اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

  اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

 

 

Invar Tape

Invar Tape

 

 

-

-

          ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪأ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ

          ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪأ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ

٤٦

٤٦

 %

 %

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ و

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ و

٦٣

٦٣

 %

 %

  ﻣﻦ

  ﻣﻦ

   اﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ

   اﻟﻨﻴﻜﻞ

 .

 .

-

-

     ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪدﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪا

     ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪدﻩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪا

 ،

 ،

           وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

           وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

.

.

-

-

  ﻋﺮﺿﻪ

  ﻋﺮﺿﻪ

٦

٦

ﻣﻢ

ﻣﻢ

 ،

 ،

  وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

  وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة أﻃﻮال ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

.

.

-

-

 

 

          ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪا

          ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪا

.

.

-

-

       ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ واﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻟﺬا ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ

       ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ واﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء وﻟﺬا ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

              ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت

              ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت

.

.

٩١

٩١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

   ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ وﺗﺪرﻳﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ وﺗﺪرﻳﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 

 

Tape Marking and Graduation

Tape Marking and Graduation

-

-

 ا

 ا

ﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ

ﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ

 : 

 : 

   أﺻﻐﺮ وﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   أﺻﻐﺮ وﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ،

 ،

    ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮات أو ﻣﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮات

    ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮات أو ﻣﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮات

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ

اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ

 : 

 : 

          اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻰ أﻣﺘﺎر ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ

          اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻰ أﻣﺘﺎر ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ

       ودﻳﺴﻴﻤﺘﺮات وﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮات أو ﻳﻀﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮات

       ودﻳﺴﻴﻤﺘﺮات وﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮات أو ﻳﻀﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮات

   .

   .

-

-

                ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪأ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺮﻗ

                ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪأ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺮﻗ

 ﻴﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﻴﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 .

 .

-

-

           ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻦ

           ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻦ

     ﺁﺧﺮهﺎ أو ﻳﺒﺪأ

     ﺁﺧﺮهﺎ أو ﻳﺒﺪأ

 اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﻌﺪ

 اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﻌﺪ

٠١

٠١

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

.

.

٠٢

٠٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 

 

Tape Zero Point

Tape Zero Point

 ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

١٢

١٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

   ـه

   ـه

-

-

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻰ

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻰ

 

 

Pocket (Handy) Steel Tape

Pocket (Handy) Steel Tape

   ﻗﻄﺎع ﻋﺮﺿﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

   ﻗﻄﺎع ﻋﺮﺿﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

-

-

        ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ

        ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ

١

١

 

 

–

–

 

 

٠١

٠١

م

م

.

.

-

-

   ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ

   ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

         ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ

         ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

       ﻣﺰود ﺑﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

       ﻣﺰود ﺑﻤﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

Lock

Lock

 

 

-

-

      ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻪ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻰ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء

      ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻪ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻰ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء

.

.

٢٢

٢٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

   ـه

   ـه

-

-

   اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

   اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ

    ﻗﻴﺎس داﺧﻠﻰ

    ﻗﻴﺎس داﺧﻠﻰ

  ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﺎرﺟﻰ

  ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﺎرﺟﻰ

٣٢

٣٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

   ـه

   ـه

-

-

   ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻰ

   ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻰ

  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻨﺎﻓﺬة

  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻨﺎﻓﺬة

    ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ

    ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ

)

)

٢

٢

   ﻗﺮاءة

   ﻗﺮاءة

(

(

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ

٣٫٢١

٣٫٢١

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

٤٢

٤٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ز

  ز

-

-

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺪوار

   اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺪوار

 

 

Rolling Tape

Rolling Tape

-

-

        ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ واﻷﺳﻄﺢ

        ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ واﻷﺳﻄﺢ

.

.

-

-

      اﻟﻤﺪى ﻳﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

      اﻟﻤﺪى ﻳﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

٠٣

٠٣

  ﻣﺘﺮ

  ﻣﺘﺮ

،

،

    وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮل

    وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮل

     اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺣﺘﻰ

     اﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﺣﺘﻰ

٠١

٠١

    أﻗﺴﺎم

    أﻗﺴﺎم

.

.

-

-

     ﻳﺼﺪر ﺻﻮت ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮى ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ

     ﻳﺼﺪر ﺻﻮت ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮى ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ

اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف

اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف

    ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ

    ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ

     اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ

     اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ

-

-

            ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻓﻰ ذاآﺮة داﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ

            ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻓﻰ ذاآﺮة داﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ

    ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

    ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

.

.

 

 

-

-

   ﻣﺰود ﺑﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻤﻴﺔ

   ﻣﺰود ﺑﺸﺎﺷﺔ رﻗﻤﻴﺔ

LCD Display

LCD Display

٥٢

٥٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 و

 و

-

-

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻰ

   ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻰ

 

 

Digital Measuring Tape

Digital Measuring Tape

-

-

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﻄﻮل

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﻄﻮل

٥

٥

م

م

 .

 .

-

-

  ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

  ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٦١

٦١

 

 

–

–

 

 

٩١

٩١

   ﻣﻢ وﻳﻘﺮأ ﺣﺘﻰ

   ﻣﻢ وﻳﻘﺮأ ﺣﺘﻰ

١

١

ﻣﻢ

ﻣﻢ

.

.

-

-

          ﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام وزود ﺑﺬاآﺮة ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت

          ﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام وزود ﺑﺬاآﺮة ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت

.

.

-

-

                    ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ

                    ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ

.

.

-

-

                 ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﻓﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ وﻏﻠﻖ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ إدﺧﺎل

                 ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد ﻓﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ وﻏﻠﻖ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ إدﺧﺎل

          اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ

          اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﺒﺔ

.

.

٦٢

٦٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

     اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

     اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

     اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

     اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

٧٢

٧٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 

 

Indirect Methods of Measuring Distances

Indirect Methods of Measuring Distances

ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ

ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ

  :

  :

  ﻗﻴﺎس

  ﻗﻴﺎس

ﺗﺎآﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮى

ﺗﺎآﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮى

 

 

(Optical Distance Measurement ODM) 

(Optical Distance Measurement ODM) 

 

 

 وﻗﻴﺎس إﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ

 وﻗﻴﺎس إﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ

(Electromagnetic Distance Measurement EDM)

(Electromagnetic Distance Measurement EDM)

١

١

 

 

–

–

    ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

    ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

Subtence

Subtence

Bar

Bar

 

 

٢

٢

 

 

–

–

  ﺷﻌﺮات

  ﺷﻌﺮات

اﻹﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ

اﻹﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ

 

 

Stadia

Stadia

 

 

٣

٣

 

 

-

-

    اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

    اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 

 

Electronic Distance Meters (EDM)

Electronic Distance Meters (EDM)

 

 

٤

٤

 

 

–

–

    ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

    ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

Total Station 

Total Station 

 

 

٥

٥

  

  

–

–

    أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ

    أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ

 

 

Hand

Hand

-

-

held Distance Meter

held Distance Meter

٨٢

٨٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

 

 

-

-

  ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

  ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

Bar

Bar

Subtence

Subtence

-

-

   ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوات ذات اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ وآﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ

   ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوات ذات اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ وآﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓ

  ﻰ

  ﻰ

   ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت

   ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت

-

-

     ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺗﻢ إﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮق أﺣﺪث

     ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ وﺗﻢ إﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮق أﺣﺪث

 .

 .

-

-

       ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ذراع ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ  ﺑﻄﻮل

       ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ذراع ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ  ﺑﻄﻮل

٢

٢

 م ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة

 م ﻣﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة

اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

اﻹﻧﻔﺎر

  

  

)

)

     ﻣﺎدة ذات ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪد ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﺟﺪا

     ﻣﺎدة ذات ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺪد ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﺟﺪا

 .(

 .(

-

-

          ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ وﻓﻰ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

          ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ذراع اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ وﻓﻰ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

   اﻟﺨﻂ وﺟﻬﺎز

   اﻟﺨﻂ وﺟﻬﺎز

ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

   ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ

   ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ

 .

 .

-

-

    ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺬراع

    ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺬراع

.

.

-

-

 ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ

 ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠٣

٠٠٠٣

٩٢

٩٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

 

 

–

–

  ﺷﻌﺮات

  ﺷﻌﺮات

 اﻹﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ

 اﻹﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎ

 

 

Stadia Hairs

Stadia Hairs

 

 

-

-

     ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻴﺰان وﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄ

     ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻴﺰان وﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄ

ﺘﻴﻦ

ﺘﻴﻦ

.

.

-

-

    آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز

    آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز

اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

    وﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

    وﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

)

)

 اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ

 اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ

-

-

  اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ

–

–

 اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ

 اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ

 (

 (

ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ

ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ

.

.

-

-

   ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﺜﻴﺮا ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ

   ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﺜﻴﺮا ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ

 اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻰ

 اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻰ

.

.

-

-

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

  اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ

١

١

\

\

٠٥٢

٠٥٢

  اﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻰ

١

١

\

\

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

٠٣

٠٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٣

٣

 

 

-

-

    اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

    اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 

 

Electronic Distance Meters (EDM)

Electronic Distance Meters (EDM)

-

-

     ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس

     ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 ،

 ،

    ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻀﻮء واﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت

    ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻀﻮء واﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت

  اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وأﺧﻴﺮا أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﺰر

  اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وأﺧﻴﺮا أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﺰر

.

.

-

-

         هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻻ ﺗﻐﻨﻰ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

         هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻻ ﺗﻐﻨﻰ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 .

 .

-

-

          ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ

          ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ

)

)

   ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺮ

   ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺮ

.(

.(

         آﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ أو ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ

         آﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ أو ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ

   ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

   ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

   ﻟﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻟﻘﻴﺎس

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت واﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت واﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ

.

.

-

-

       اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ

       اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ

  اﻟﺪﻳﺴﺘﻮﻣﺎت

  اﻟﺪﻳﺴﺘﻮﻣﺎت

 

 

Distomat

Distomat

-

-

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

±

±

 ) 

 ) 

٥

٥

 

 

  ﻣﻢ

  ﻣﻢ

+

+

 

 

٥

٥

     ﺟﺰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن

     ﺟﺰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن

 *

 *

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

(

(

١٣

١٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

٣

٣

 

 

-

-

   ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

   ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

          اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

          اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

:

:

 ا

 ا

-

-

    ﻳﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮﻟﻪ

    ﻳﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮﻟﻪ

 ب

 ب

–

–

        ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻋﺎآﺲ

        ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻋﺎآﺲ

Reflector

Reflector

.

.

 ـﺟ

 ـﺟ

-

-

       ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺜﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ

       ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺜﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ

اﻟﺠﻬﺎز

اﻟﺠﻬﺎز

.

.

  د

  د

–

–

    ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ

    ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ

S

S

  وزﻣﻦ إرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎ

  وزﻣﻦ إرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎ

Δ

Δ

t

t

    ﻳﻘﻮم

    ﻳﻘﻮم

 اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

 اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

D

D

.

.

D= S* 

D= S* 

Δ

Δ

t/2

t/2

EDM

٢٣

٢٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

٣

٣

 

 

-

-

     أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

     أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

٣٣

٣٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٤

٤

 

 

-

-

    ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

    ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

 

 

Total Station 

Total Station 

-

-

      ﺗﻢ دﻣﺞ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة

      ﺗﻢ دﻣﺞ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة

 اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

 اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

   اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ

   اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ

   اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت إﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎ

   اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت إﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎ

.

.

-

-

        ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮو آﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ

        ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮو آﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ

Micro processor

Micro processor

   ﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

   ﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ

اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ

  .

  .

-

-

     ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﺮوت اﻟﺬاآﺮة

     ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﺮوت اﻟﺬاآﺮة

Memory Card

Memory Card

   اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ آﻮﺣﺪات ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ

   اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ آﻮﺣﺪات ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ

ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ

ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ

.

.

 ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻰ

 ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻰ

 .

 .

-

-

   ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻋﺎآﺲ

   ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻋﺎآﺲ

Reflectorless

Reflectorless

-

-

   اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

   اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

±

±

 ) 

 ) 

١

١

 ﻣﻢ

 ﻣﻢ

+

+

١

١

     ﺟﺰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن

     ﺟﺰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن

 *

 *

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

 .(

 .(

٤٣

٤٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

 د

 د

-

-

    أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

    أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

٥٣

٥٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٥

٥

 

 

-

-

  أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ

  أﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ

held Distance Meter

held Distance Meter

-

-

Hand

Hand

 

 

       ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة إﻟﻰ

       ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة إﻟﻰ

:

:

 ا

 ا

-

-

       أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ

       أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ

Ultrasonic Waves

Ultrasonic Waves

 

 

-

-

  ذات

  ذات

 ﻣﺪى ﻣﻦ

 ﻣﺪى ﻣﻦ

٥٫٠

٥٫٠

 

 

–

–

 

 

٢١

٢١

 م

 م

)

)

       ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

       ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎآﺲ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ

٥٢

٥٢

  م

  م

  (

  (

    

    

-

-

              ﻟﺬا ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﺮاﻏﺎت

              ﻟﺬا ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﺮاﻏﺎت

.

.

-

-

     ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺸﻌﺎع ﻟﻴﺰر

     ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺸﻌﺎع ﻟﻴﺰر

Laser pointer 

Laser pointer 

     ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف

     ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف

.

.

-

-

          ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ إﻻ ﻓﻰ  اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ

          ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ إﻻ ﻓﻰ  اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ

.

.

-

-

         ﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاغ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس

         ﻣﺰود ﺑﺂﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاغ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس

    ﻃﻮل وﻋﺮض وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻔﺮاغ

    ﻃﻮل وﻋﺮض وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻔﺮاغ

.

.

-

-

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ

±

±

 

 

١

١

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

.

.

٦٣

٦٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

ب

ب

-

-

      أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﺰر

      أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﺰر

Laser Distance Meter

Laser Distance Meter

 

 

-

-

  ذات ﻣﺪى ﻣﻦ

  ذات ﻣﺪى ﻣﻦ

٥٠٫٠

٥٠٫٠

     اﻟﻰ

     اﻟﻰ

٠٠١

٠٠١

 م

 م

)

)

       ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﻰ

       ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎآﺲ اﻟﻰ

٠٠٢

٠٠٢

م

م

 (

 (

-

-

         ﺗﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

         ﺗﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

)

)

    ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ

    ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ

(

(

-

-

                   ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ

                   ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ

)

)

      أﺑﺮاج اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء

      أﺑﺮاج اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء

–

–

       أﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ

       أﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ

–

–

         اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ

         اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ

(

(

-

-

            ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻰ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

            ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻰ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

      ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ

      ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ

DISTO 

DISTO 

 

 

-

-

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ

    اﻟﺪﻗﺔ

±

±

 

 

٥٫١

٥٫١

 ﻣﻢ

 ﻣﻢ

 ،

 ،

    وأﻗﻞ ﻗﺮاءة ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز

    وأﻗﻞ ﻗﺮاءة ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز

١

١

ﻣﻢ

ﻣﻢ

 .

 .

٧٣

٧٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰر أو اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ

  أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰر أو اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ

٨٣

٨٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰر ذات اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ

      أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰر ذات اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ

)

)

٠٠١

٠٠١

–

–

 

 

٠٠٢

٠٠٢

ﻣﺘﺮ

ﻣﺘﺮ

(

(

٩٣

٩٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

         اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

         اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

٠٤

٠٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت

 

 

Equipments for Taping

Equipments for Taping

           أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ

           أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﻳﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ

    اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ

    اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ

:

:

١

١

-

-

   اﻟﺸﻮك

   اﻟﺸﻮك

٢

٢

-

-

 

 

  اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

  اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

٣

٣

-

-

   اﻷوﺗﺎد

   اﻷوﺗﺎد

٤

٤

-

-

  ﺧﻴﻂ

  ﺧﻴﻂ

   اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

   اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

١٤

١٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

-

-

 اﻟﺸﻮك

 اﻟﺸﻮك

 

 

 

 

Chaining Pins

Chaining Pins

 

 

-

-

      اﻟﺸﻮك هﻰ أﺳﻴﺎخ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻗﻄﺮهﺎ ﻣﻦ

      اﻟﺸﻮك هﻰ أﺳﻴﺎخ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻗﻄﺮهﺎ ﻣﻦ

٣

٣

-

-

٦

٦

   ﻣﻢ وﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ

   ﻣﻢ وﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ

  ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

  ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٠٢

٠٢

-

-

٠٤

٠٤

ﺳﻢ

ﺳﻢ

.

.

-

-

       أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﻬﻞ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻹﺻﺒﻊ

       أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﻬﻞ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻹﺻﺒﻊ

ﺛﻢ ﻏﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻷرض

ﺛﻢ ﻏﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻷرض

.

.

-

-

           ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس

           ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎس

)

)

 ﻣﺜﻼ آﻞ

 ﻣﺜﻼ آﻞ

٠٢

٠٢

 م

 م

.(

.(

-

-

        ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻮآﺔ

        ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻮآﺔ

.

.

٢٤

٢٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

-

-

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺧﺸﺒﻰ

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺧﺸﺒﻰ

–

–

  ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ أو ﻓﻴﺒﺮ

  ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ أو ﻓﻴﺒﺮ

 ﺟﻼس

 ﺟﻼس

    ذو ﻣﻘﻄﻊ

    ذو ﻣﻘﻄﻊ

 داﺋﺮى أو ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

 داﺋﺮى أو ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

.

.

-

-

    اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

    اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٣

٣

-

-

٦

٦

 ﺳﻢ واﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ

 ﺳﻢ واﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ

٢

٢

-

-

٥

٥

م

م

.

.

-

-

   ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﻄﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة أو ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻞ

   ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﻄﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة أو ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻞ

)

)

 ﺗﻠﻴﺴﻜﻮﺑﻰ

 ﺗﻠﻴﺴﻜﻮﺑﻰ

 .(

 .(

-

-

    ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ آﻌﺐ اﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ

    ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ آﻌﺐ اﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ

 .

 .

-

-

   ﺗﻠﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﻦ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ واﻷﺣﻤﺮ آﻞ

   ﺗﻠﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﻦ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ واﻷﺣﻤﺮ آﻞ

٠٥

٠٥

  ﺳﻢ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ

  ﺳﻢ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ

اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ

اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

     ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺴﻴﺮ أو ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

     ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺴﻴﺮ أو ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

 ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ

 ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ

.

.

٢

٢

-

-

 

 

اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

 

 

 

 

Range Pole (Range Rod)

Range Pole (Range Rod)

٣٤

٣٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

-

-

   ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻨﺸﻮرﻳﻪ

   ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻨﺸﻮرﻳﻪ

.

.

-

-

    اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

    اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ

٣

٣

-

-

٦

٦

 ﺳﻢ واﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ

 ﺳﻢ واﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ

٠٢

٠٢

-

-

٠٣

٠٣

ﺳﻢ

ﺳﻢ

.

.

-

-

        ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻦ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻏﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻷرض وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ

        ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ أﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻦ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻏﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻷرض وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

    ﻓﻰ اﻷراﺿﻰ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام زواﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻻ

    ﻓﻰ اﻷراﺿﻰ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام زواﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻻ

ﻣﻨﻬﺎ

ﻣﻨﻬﺎ

.

.

-

-

   ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ

   ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ

.

.

٣

٣

-

-

  اﻷوﺗﺎد

  اﻷوﺗﺎد

  اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

  اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

) 

) 

Survey Pegs (Pickets

Survey Pegs (Pickets

٤٤

٤٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٤

٤

 

 

-

-

  ﺧﻴﻂ

  ﺧﻴﻂ

اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

 

 

 

 

Plumb Bob

Plumb Bob

-

-

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺨﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﻴﻦ

    ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺨﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﻴﻦ

 .

 .

-

-

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﻴﻂ

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﻴﻂ

اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

  ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ

  ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ

اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ

اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺖ

    أى ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ

    أى ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ

)

)

   اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

   اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ

اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ

 .(

 .(

-

-

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ رأﺳﻴﺔ أرآﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﻤﺂذن واﻷﻋﻤﺪة

    ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ رأﺳﻴﺔ أرآﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﻤﺂذن واﻷﻋﻤﺪة

 .

 .

-

-

         ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أو اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

         ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أو اﻟﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

.

.

٥٤

٥٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

   اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

   اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

      اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

      اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

٦٤

٦٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال

 

 

Taping Procedures

Taping Procedures

 

 

       ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

       ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻷﻃﻮال ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

)

)

  ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

  ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

 (

 (

اﻷرض

اﻷرض

 .

 .

  وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ

  وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ

 :

 :

١

١

 

 

-

-

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

.

.

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

       اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

       اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

  ا

  ا

–

–

   أرض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

   أرض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

.

.

 ب

 ب

-

-

  أرض ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

  أرض ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

 .

 .

٧٤

٧٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

 

 

-

-

  اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

  اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

Taping on smooth, level ground

Taping on smooth, level ground

  ا

  ا

–

–

      اﻟﺨﻂ أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم

      اﻟﺨﻂ أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم

 :

 :

-

-

           ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳﻂ

           ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳﻂ

.

.

٨٤

٨٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ب

 ب

-

-

     اﻟﺨﻂ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

     اﻟﺨﻂ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

:

:

 

 

-

-

   ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ

   ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ

.

.

-

-

             ﻧﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ وﻧﻔﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ

             ﻧﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ وﻧﻔﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ

)

)

 اﻟﻄﺮﺣﺔ

 اﻟﻄﺮﺣﺔ

 (

 (

    ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﻂ

    ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﻂ

  ﺛﻢ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ أو ﺷﻮآﺔ

  ﺛﻢ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ أو ﺷﻮآﺔ

.

.

-

-

         ﻧﻜﺮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﻂ

         ﻧﻜﺮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﻂ

 ،

 ،

  وﻳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻃﻮل أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل

  وﻳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻃﻮل أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل

 ﺷﺮﻳﻂ آﺎﻣﻞ

 ﺷﺮﻳﻂ آﺎﻣﻞ

.

.

 

 

     ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ

     ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ

 =

 =

    ﻋﺪد اﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ

    ﻋﺪد اﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ

)

)

   اﻟﻄﺮﺣﺎت

   اﻟﻄﺮﺣﺎت

 + (

 + (

ﺁﺧﺮ ﻃﻮل

ﺁﺧﺮ ﻃﻮل

٩٤

٩٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

   اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

   اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺤﺪرة

aping over sloping ground

aping over sloping ground

T

T

       ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق اﻵﺗﻴﺔ

       ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق اﻵﺗﻴﺔ

:

:

١

١

 

 

–

–

        ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ

        ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ

 :

 :

             وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ م واﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ع

             وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ م واﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ع

.

.

         ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن

         ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن

 ف

 ف

  =

  =

 م

 م

–

–

) 

) 

ع

ع

٢

٢

 

 

\

\

  

  

٢

٢

م

م

 (

 (

 ف

 ف

 م

 م

 ع

 ع

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

-

-

  ا

  ا

-

-

٢

٢

٠٥

٠٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ن

 ن

 م

 م

١

١

 ف

 ف

  =

  =

 م

 م

–

–

 ) 

 ) 

 م

 م

\

\

  

  

٢

٢

ن

ن

٢

٢

 (

 (

٣

٣

-

-

   ﺑﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ اﻷرض

   ﺑﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ اﻷرض

 :

 :

     ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺟﻬﺎزى ﻣﻴﺰان اﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﻴﺪوى

     ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺟﻬﺎزى ﻣﻴﺰان اﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﻴﺪوى

Abney hand level

Abney hand level

 

 

 و ﺟﻬﺎز

 و ﺟﻬﺎز

    اﻟﻜﻠﻴﻨﻮﻣﻴﺘﺮ

    اﻟﻜﻠﻴﻨﻮﻣﻴﺘﺮ

 

 

Clinometer

Clinometer

        ﻟﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة

        ﻟﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ هﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة

 ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ

 ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ

.

.

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

     ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ درﺟﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

     ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ درﺟﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

 :

 :

          درﺟﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار هﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ واﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻲ

          درﺟﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار هﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ واﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻲ

      ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن

      ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن

١٥

١٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

 

 

-

-

  ب

  ب

-

-

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

      اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أرض ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺪار

 

 

taping over sloping ground

taping over sloping ground

Horizontal

Horizontal

-

-

    ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ  اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

    ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ  اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

”

”

    ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ

    ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ

“

“

.

.

-

-

       ـ ﻳﻔﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ا ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

       ـ ﻳﻔﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ أﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ا ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

١

١

 ، 

 ، 

  ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

  ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

 ﺧﻴﻂ

 ﺧﻴﻂ

  اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

  اﻟﺸﺎﻏﻮل

ـ ﻧﺴﻘﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

ـ ﻧﺴﻘﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

١

١

 ـ اﻟﻰ  ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

 ـ اﻟﻰ  ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟ

  وهﻜﺬا

  وهﻜﺬا

.

.

      اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

      اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻓﻘﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

 =

 =

  ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻷﻃﻮال اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ

  ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻷﻃﻮال اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ

ا

ا

ـه

ـه

ب

ب

د

د

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

١

١

د

د

١

١

ـه

ـه

١

١

ب

ب

١

١

ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎس

٢٥

٢٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

      ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

      ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

٣٥

٣٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

  ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

١

١

-

-

       إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ

       إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ

:

:

ـه

ـه

ب

ب

د

د

و

و

و

و

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

   إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺮﺳﻢ

   إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺮﺳﻢ

  ﻗﻮس ﻣﻦ داﺋﺮة

  ﻗﻮس ﻣﻦ داﺋﺮة

   إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ

   إﺳﻘﺎط اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ

  أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ

  أﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ

ا

ا

ا

ا

ب

ب

٤٥

٤٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

-

-

     إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ  واﻗﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

     إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ  واﻗﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

:

:

ـه

ـه

ا

ا

ب

ب

ا

ا

ب

ب

د

د

و

و

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

   إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺮﺳﻢ

   إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺮﺳﻢ

  ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوى اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ

  ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوى اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻴﻦ

   ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﻮرث

   ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻓﻴﺜﺎﻏﻮرث

  ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ

  ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ

٣

٣

 : 

 : 

٤

٤

 : 

 : 

٥

٥

ﺻﻔﺮ

ﺻﻔﺮ

٣

٣

٧

٧

١

١

٢

٢

و

و

٥٥

٥٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٣

٣

-

-

      إﻳﺠﺎد ارﺗﻔﺎع هﺪف

      إﻳﺠﺎد ارﺗﻔﺎع هﺪف

 )

 )

 ﻣﺒﻨﻰ

 ﻣﺒﻨﻰ

–

–

  ﻣﺌﺬﻧﺔ

  ﻣﺌﺬﻧﺔ

-

-

: (..... 

: (..... 

ا

ا

ب

ب

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ز

ز

 ط

 ط

و

و

 اﻟﻬﺪف

 اﻟﻬﺪف

د

د

ـه

ـه

-

-

      ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ اﻷرﺿﻴﺘﻴﻦ  ا

      ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ اﻷرﺿﻴﺘﻴﻦ  ا

 ،

 ،

    ب ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻬﺪف

    ب ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻬﺪف

.

.

  ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ب

  ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ب

 ،

 ،

   وﺷﺎﺧﺺ أﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﻰ ا ﺑﺤﻴﺚ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط د

   وﺷﺎﺧﺺ أﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﻰ ا ﺑﺤﻴﺚ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط د

 ،

 ،

ـه

ـه

 ،

 ،

 و ﻋﻠﻰ

 و ﻋﻠﻰ

   اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ واﺣﺪة

   اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ واﺣﺪة

 .

 .

-

-

        ﺗﻘﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﺎن ا ب

        ﺗﻘﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﺎن ا ب

 ،

 ،

ـا ﺟ

ـا ﺟ

.

.

-

-

      ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب د ط ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

      ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب د ط ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

 :

 :

  ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻬﺪف

  ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻬﺪف

 =

 =

 د ط

 د ط

 +

 +

 ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ ا و

 ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﺎﺧﺺ ا و

 زـه

 زـه

و ز

و ز

د ط

د ط

و ط

و ط

=

=

٦٥

٦٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٤

٤

-

-

    ﻗﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ

    ﻗﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ

:

:

α

α

د

د

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ب

ب

ا

ا

ـه

ـه

-

-

     اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

     اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

.

.

-

-

     إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

     إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ د ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب

 ،

 ،

   ـ ﻓﻰ هـﺟ ا ﻂﺨﻟا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻳ

   ـ ﻓﻰ هـﺟ ا ﻂﺨﻟا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻳ

.

.

-

-

      ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ ا د

      ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ ا د

 ،

 ،

ـد ه

ـد ه

.

.

-

-

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

α

α

     ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

     ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

 :

 :

 = 

 = 

ﻇﺎ

ﻇﺎ

-

-

١

١

 ) 

 ) 

  دـه

  دـه

\

\

 د ا

 د ا

(

(

α

α

 

 

٧٥

٧٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٥

٥

-

-

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻘﻴﺎس زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ

:

:

α

α

د

د

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ب

ب

ا

ا

ـه

ـه

-

-

        ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺘﻴﻦ ا د

        ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺘﻴﻦ ا د

 ،

 ،

    ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﻦ ا بـه ا

    ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﻦ ا بـه ا

 ،

 ،

ـا ﺟ

ـا ﺟ

.

.

-

-

  ـ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ د ه

  ـ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ د ه

.

.

-

-

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

α

α

     ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

     ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ

 :

 :

ﺟﺎ

ﺟﺎ

) 

) 

α

α

\

\

٢

٢

= (

= (

٢

٢

) 

) 

ا د

ا د

(

(

 دـه

 دـه

٨٥

٨٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٦

٦

-

-

           ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﻘﺎس أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼﻋﻪ

           ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﻘﺎس أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼﻋﻪ

:

:

-

-

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ا

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ا

/

/

 ، 

 ، 

ب

ب

/

/

 ، 

 ، 

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

    ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

    ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

.

.

-

-

     ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

     ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ

α

α

    ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎم

    ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎم

 :

 :

α

α

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

ب

ب

ا

ا

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

ب

ب

/

/

ا

ا

/

/

     أو ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ

     أو ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ

:

:

 = 

 = 

ﺟﺘﺎ

ﺟﺘﺎ

-

-

١

١

 

 

α

α

 

 

 )

 )

ب

ب

/

/

(

(

٢

٢

) + 

) + 

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

(

(

٢

٢

  

  

–

–

) 

) 

ا

ا

/

/

(

(

٢

٢

 (

 (

 

 

٢

٢

 ) 

 ) 

ب

ب

/

/

) (

) (

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

 (

 (

ﺟﺎ

ﺟﺎ

 ) 

 ) 

α

α

\

\

٢

٢

(

(

٢

٢

=  

=  

)

)

 ح

 ح

-

-

 ب

 ب

/

/

) + (

) + (

 ح

 ح

-

-

ـ ﺟ

ـ ﺟ

/

/

 (

 (

 )  

 )  

ب

ب

/

/

) (

) (

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

 (

 (

 ﺣﻴﺚ ح

 ﺣﻴﺚ ح

 =

 =

½

½

    اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ

    اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ

) =

) =

ا

ا

/

/

  +  

  +  

ب

ب

/

/

 + 

 + 

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

/

/

 ( 

 ( 

\

\

 

 

٢

٢

٩٥

٩٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

ا

ا

-

-

   ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ

   ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ

   اﻹﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف

   اﻹﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف

  

  

Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance

 : 

 : 

      وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ

      وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ

                     ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ رﺳﻢ آﺮوآﻰ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

                     ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ رﺳﻢ آﺮوآﻰ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

       واﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ

       واﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ

Google Earth

Google Earth

 

 

             أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ

             أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ

-

-

٧

٧

٠٦

٠٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ب

  ب

-

-

             اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻀﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ

             اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻀﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ

  اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻪ

  اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻪ

)

)

   آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺮى اﻟﺘﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ

   آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺮى اﻟﺘﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ

  (

  (

  و

  و

      ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ

      ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ

 ،

 ،

  ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط

  ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط

)

)

  أوﺗﺎد ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ

  أوﺗﺎد ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ

–

–

 

 

  زواﻳﺎ

  زواﻳﺎ

–

–

  ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ

  ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ

 .(

 .(

ا

ا

ب

ب

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

د

د

ـه

ـه

١٦

١٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

ا

ا

ب

ب

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

د

د

ـه

ـه

 ـﺟ

 ـﺟ

-

-

            ﻗﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ذهﺎﺑﺎ وإﻳﺎﺑﺎ

            ﻗﻴﺎس أﻃﻮال ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ذهﺎﺑﺎ وإﻳﺎﺑﺎ

 .

 .

٢٦

٢٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 د

 د

–

–

    ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ

    ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ

)

)

    أﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

    أﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

   (

   (

        وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ

        وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ

         ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل أﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

         ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل أﺿﻼع اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

 ،

 ،

          آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ

          آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ

Auto Cad

Auto Cad

     ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

     ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

 .

 .

ا

ا

ب

ب

ـﺟ

ـﺟ

د

د

ـه

ـه

٣٦

٣٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

  ـه

  ـه

-

-

   أﻋﻤﺎل

   أﻋﻤﺎل

  اﻟﺘﺤﺸﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺘﺤﺸﻴﺔ

 

 

 واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺪ

 واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺪ

 : 

 : 

           وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ

           وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ

  آﻞ ﺧﻂ

  آﻞ ﺧﻂ

 ،

 ،

           ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺛﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

           ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮد اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺛﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

 اﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ

 اﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ

  :

  :

  ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة

  ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة

Offsets

Offsets

       أو ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺮﺑﻂ

       أو ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺮﺑﻂ

Ties

Ties

 ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة

 ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة

ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺮﺑﻂ

ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺮﺑﻂ

 اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﻓﺮد

 اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﻓﺮد

ب

ب

ب

ب

ا

ا

ا

ا

 اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﻓﺮد

 اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

 ﻓﺮد

٤٦

٤٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

ا

ا

ب

ب

 ا

 ا

)

)

٠٠٫٠

٠٠٫٠

(

(

 ب

 ب

)

)

٧٨٫٩١

٧٨٫٩١

(

(

) 

) 

٢٤٫٦١

٢٤٫٦١

(

(

) 

) 

٣٣٫١١

٣٣٫١١

(

(

) 

) 

٢٢٫٣

٢٢٫٣

(

(

) 

) 

٠٩٫٦

٠٩٫٦

(

(

  اﻟﺒﺮدورة

  اﻟﺒﺮدورة

  و

  و

-

-

 

 

  ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻰ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﻂ

  ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻰ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﻂ

 ،

 ،

        ﺛﻢ رﺳﻢ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

        ﺛﻢ رﺳﻢ وإﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

.

.