Occupational health 3

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS

M .ALBAYATY
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

CHEMICAL HAZARD
PHYSICAL HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
ERGONOMIC HAZARD

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

OBJECTIVES:
Discuss and explain common hazards in the workplace and their effects to workers’ health.

Recommend appropriate measures to prevent occupational and work-related illnesses.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ( ILO/WHO )
Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental & social well-being of workers of all occupations

Prevent workers from departures due to health caused by their working conditions

Protect workers in their working environment from hazards and risks usually causing adverse health effects

Place & maintain a worker in an occupational environment adapted to his/her physiological ability

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

HAZARD AND RISK
• HAZARD
• - any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
• RISK
• - the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
• Safety Hazards
• working conditions where harm to the workers is of an immediate and violent nature
• result in broken bones, cuts, bruises, sprains, loss of limbs, etc.
• the harm results in some kind of injury to the worker
• associated with poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and machinery
• Health Hazards
• working conditions which result in an illness
• exposure to dangerous substances or conditions, such as chemicals, gases, dusts, noise etc.
• often, latency between exposure and disease

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Age
Gender
Race
Medical history
Genetic factors
Lifestyle
Workers’ Susceptibility
Physical properties
Multiplicity of exposure
Magnitude of exposure
Duration of
exposure
Timing of exposure
Workplace Factors


WORK-RELATED DISEASE

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

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Chemical Hazards
• Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation

Ingestion

Skin Contact

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Chemical Hazards
• Routes of excretion

Gastro-intestinal (feces)

Renal (urine)

Respiratory (exhalation)

Skin (sweat, hair, nails)


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LD 50 - Dose lethal to 50% of test animals

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Threshold:

point at which toxicity first appears
occurs at the point where the body's ability to detoxify or repair toxic injury has been exceeded.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Measures of concentration of toxic substances

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)- average concentration of an airborne substance to which most workers could be safely exposed over an eight-hour working day or forty-hour working week throughout a working lifetime

Maximal Allowable Concentration (MAC)- peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most workers could be safely exposed.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Chemical Hazards
Classification of Toxic Effects


Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact

Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems

Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days) after an exposure

Chronic toxicity- represents cumulative damage to specific organ systems; occurs many months or years to have recognizable clinical disease

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Chemical Hazards
• Health Effects
• Renal Diseases
• Respiratory Diseases
• Skin Diseases
• Hematologic Diseases
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Neurologic Diseases
• Carcinogenic
• Teratogenic

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Chemical Hazards
• Effects
• Chemical Agent
• Industry/Process
• Renal Diseases: acute/chronic renal failure
• Mercury, cadmium, chloroform
• Battery, chemical industries, pesticide
• Respiratory Diseases:
• Irritation, inflammation
• Solvents, ammonia
• Chemical industries
• Pneumoconiosis
• Inorganic dust
• Mining, construction, sandblasting, coal
• Cancer
• Chromium
• Plating, metal refining

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Chemical Hazards
• Blood Diseases:
• Anemia
• Lead
• Battery mfg., lead smelting
• Aplastic anemia
• Benzene
• Solvent & soap mfg.
• Skin Diseases:
• Allergic/contact
• dermatitis
• Plastic epoxides
• Plastic, varnish
• Acne
• Cutting oils, grease
• Machine-tool operators
• Skin Cancer
• Arsenic, tar
• Petroleum refinery


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Chemical Hazards
• Liver Disease:
• Acute liver toxicity
• Carbon tetrachloride
• Cleaning fluids, dry cleaners
• Liver cancer
• Vinyl chloride
• Plastics & vinyl chloride mfg.
• Cardiovascular Disease:
• Hypertension
• Lead, Cadmium
• Battery mfg. & recycling
• Atherosclerosis
• Carbon disulfide
• Degreasing, dry cleaning
• Arrythmias
• Fluorocarbon, trichloroethylene
• Refrigeration, solvent workers

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PHYSICAL HAZARDS

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Physical Hazards
Noise

Vibration

Extreme Temperature

Illumination

Radiation

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NOISE

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Ear Anatomy

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Temporary Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue)

• temporary loss of hearing acuity after exposure to loud noise
• recovery within 16-48 hrs
Permanent Threshold Shift
• irreversible loss of hearing
NOISE

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Early Signs of Hearing Loss
• Difficulty in understanding spoken words in a noisy environment
• Need to be near or look at the person speaking to help understand words
• Familiar sounds are muffled
• Complaints that people do not speak clearly
• Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)
NOISE


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• Other Harmful Effects of Noise
• Hypertension
• Hyperacidity
• Palpitations
• Disturbs relaxation and sleep

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VIBRATION

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Physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical energy from oscillating sources

Types

Segmental vibration
Whole body vibration

VIBRATION

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• Health Effects:
• Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)
• tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers
• pain

Segmental Vibration:

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Health effects:
Fatigue
Irritability
Headache
Disorders of the spine

Whole Body Vibration:

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EXTREME
TEMPERATURE

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EXTREME TEMPERATURE

Sources of heat stress:

Natural Conditions
Hot work processes related to furnaces, kilns, boilers and smelting

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Health Effects of Heat Stress
• Disorders
• Clinical features
• Prickly Heat (Miliaria rubra)
• Pruritic rash
• Heat cramps
• Cramps in the body, usually legs
• Heat exhaustion
• Dizziness, fainting attack, blurring of vision, cold, clammy and sweaty skin
• Heat stroke
• Cyanosis, muscle twitchings, disorientation, delirium, convulsions


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EXTREME TEMPERATURE

Sources of Cold Environment:

Ice plants and freezers in the food industry

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Frostbite: reddening of skin, localized burning pain and numbness. Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, ears are most susceptible.
• trench foot or immersion foot: numbness, pain, cramps, ulceration and gangrene.
• Health Effects of Cold Temperature

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

INADEQUATE
ILLUMINATION

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• Area of Operation
• Min Lighting Level (lux)
• Cutting Cloth
• Fine machining
•  2000
• Transcribing handwriting
• Drafting
• 1000
• Welding
• First Aid station
• 500
• Lunch Room
• Rest Room
• 300
Recommended Illumination Levels
ILLUMINATION


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Health Effects
Visual Fatigue
Double Vision
Headaches
Painful irritation
Lacrimation
Conjunctivitis
Inadequate Illumination

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

RADIATION










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0
102
104
106
108
1010

1012

1014

1016

1018

1020

X-rays, about
1 billion
billion Hz
can penetrate
the body and damage
internal organs and tissues
by damaging important
molecules like DNA.
This is called “ionization.”


Microwaves, several billion Hz,
can have “thermal” or hearing
effects on body tissues
Power frequency EMFs 50 or
60 Hz carry very little energy,
have no ionizing effects
and usually no thermal
effects. They can, however,
cause very weak electric
currents to flow in the body.

Gamma rays

X-rays
Ultraviolet radiation
IONIZING RADIATION

Visible light

Infrared radiation
Microwaves
Radio waves


1022
Very low frequency (VLF)
3,000 - 30,000 Hz
Extremely low frequency
(ELF) 3 - 3,000 Hz
Direct current
60 Hz

15 - 30 Hz &

50 - 90 Hz
800 - 900 MHz
Source
Frequency in hertz (Hz)
Electromagnetic Spectrum

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

RADIATION
• Types
• Sources
• Health Effects
• Ionizing
• X-rays
• Gamma rays
• Cancer, congenital defects, death
• Non-ionizing
• Ultraviolet
• Infrared
• Laser
• skin redness, premature skin ageing, and skin cancer
• corneal and conjunctival burns, retinal injury, cataract
• Skin and eye problem


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BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

VIRUSES

FUNGI

BACTERIA

PARASITES

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
• Agent / Disease
• Occupation
• Colds, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, smallpox
• May be contracted anywhere
• Tuberculosis
• Silica workers, people exposed to heat and organic dusts, and medical personnel
• Anthrax
• Animal handlers and handlers of carcasses, skins, hides, or hair of infected animals, including wool carpet processors and handlers.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
• Agent / Disease
• Occupation
• Ringworm (in horses, cattle, deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds)
• Pet shop salesmen, stockmen, breeders of cats and dogs, and other animal handlers
• Tetanus
• Farmers (spores in soil) or anyone in contact with manure.


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
• Agent / Disease
• Occupation
• Psittacosis (in parrots, parakeets, pigeons, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc.)
• Pet shop personnel, gardeners, housewives, veterinary surgeons, and researchers.
• Hookworm
• Miners, agricultural laborers, planters of sugar, tobacco, tea, rice and cotton, and brick and tunnel workers.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations
• Agent / Disease
• Occupation
• Rabies (e.g. dogs, bats, rats, pigs, cats)
• Veterinarians, letter carriers, laboratory research workers, agricultural workers.
• Fungus
• Farmers, outdoor workers, animal handlers

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

HIV and AIDS
A- Acquired


I- Immune

D- Deficiency

S- Syndrome
serious and usually fatal condition in which the body’s immune system is severely weakened and cannot fight off infection.
• H- Human
• I- Immunodeficiency
• V- Virus
• virus which causes AIDS

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
• Demographic Data
• Feb 2009
• Jan – Feb 2009
• Cumulative Data 1984 – 2009
• Total Reported Cases
• 47
• 112
• 3,701
• Asymptomatic Cases
• 45
• 107
• 2,893
• AIDS Cases
• 2
• 5
• 808
• Males
• 38
• 95
• 2,595*
• Females
• 9
• 17
• 1,095*
• Youth 15-24 y/o
• 12
• 31
• 537
• Children <15 y/o
• 1
• 2
• 52
• Reported deaths due to AIDS
• 0
• 0
• 317
Source: HIV / AIDS Registry, Department of Health, Philippines * Note: No data available on sex for eleven (11) cases.


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Modes of HIV Transmission
• Reported Mode of
• Transmission
• Feb
• 2009
• n=47
• Jan-Feb
• 2009
• n= 112
• Cumulative Data:
• 1984—2009
• N=3,701
• Sexual Contact
• 43
• 107
• 3,297
• Heterosexual contact
• 13
• 36
• 2,034 (62%)
• Homosexual contact
• 14
• 37
• 872 (26%)
• Bisexual contact
• 16
• 34
• 391 (12%)
• Blood / Blood Products
• 0
• 0
• 19
• Injecting Drug Use
• 0
• 1
• 8
• Needle Prick Injury
• 0
• 0
• 3
• Mother-to-Child
• 1
• 2
• 49
• No data available
• 3
• 3
• 325


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Body Fluids with High Viral Load
Blood
Semen
Vaginal and cervical mucus
Breastmilk
Amniotic fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Modes of Transmission
Unprotected penetrative sex
• semen, blood, vaginal secretions
Blood transfusion on infected blood and blood products
Sharing needles among
I.V. drug users
Vertical/perinatal
• mother to infant
Breastfeeding

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

HIV is NOT transmitted…
through casual contact in any setting– schools, homes, hospitals
through insect, food, water, clothes, toilets, swimming pools, and drinking and eating utensils

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Prevention of HIV Infection
REMEMBER ABCDE!

• Abstinence

• Be Faithful
• Condom
• Do not inject Drugs/no sharing of needles
• Education

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TETANUS
A neurological disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and spasms, that is caused by tetanospasmin, a protein toxin elaborated by the organism Clostridium tetani.

It arises from the contamination of wounds with Clostridium spores.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

TETANUS
Clinical Manifestations
• Increased tone in the masseter muscle (lockjaw)
• Sustained contraction of the facial muscles (risus sardonicus) and back muscles (opisthotonus)

Prevention

• Active immunization with tetanus toxoid
• Careful wound management

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

TUBERCULOSIS
caused by the bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
caused by droplet nuclei released when sneezing and coughing
Symptoms: weight loss, low grade afternoon fever, persistent cough and sometimes, blood-streaked expectoration or hemoptysis

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Ten Leading Causes of Death by Sex Number, Rate/100,000 Population & Percentage, Philippines, 2004
• Cause
• Male
• Female
• Both Sexes


• No.
• Rate
• Percent*
• 1. Heart Diseases
• 40,361
• 30,500
• 70,861
• 84.8
• 17.6
• 2. Vascular System Diseases
• 28,930
• 22,750
• 51,680
• 61.8
• 12.8
• 3. Malignant Neoplasm
• 21,395
• 19,129
• 40,524
• 48.5
• 10.1
• 4. Accidents**
• 28,041
• 6,442
• 34,483
• 41.3
• 8.6
• 5. Pneumonia
• 15,822
• 16,276
• 32,098
• 38.4
• 8.0
• 6. Tuberculosis, all forms
• 17,841
• 8,029
• 25,870
• 31.0
• 6.4
• 7. Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality
• 10,941
• 10,362
• 21,278
• 25.5
• 5.3
• 8. Chronic lower respiratory diseases
• 13,084
• 5,891
• 18,975
• 22.7
• 4.7
• 9. Diabetes Mellitus
• 7,970
• 8,582
• 16,552
• 19.8
• 4.1
• 10. Certain conditions from perinatal period
• 7,809
• 5,371
• 13,180
• 15.8
• 3.6
Source: 2004 Philippine Health Statistics, Last Update: February 11, 2008
* percent share from total deaths, all causes, Philippines ** External Causes of Mortality


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With DOTS

90% CURE RATE
DOTS Strategy…the Solution!Directly Observed Therapy Short Course

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ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

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ERGONOMICS
Human Biological Science
+
Engineering Science
____________________________________
• “ fitting the job to the worker”
• MAXIMUM SATISFACTION AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY


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the
tool
the
workstation
the task
(job content & context)
the
organization
the
environment

ERGONOMICS

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Goal
to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) developed by workers

MSDs are injuries and illnesses that affect muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints or spinal discs.
ERGONOMICS


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Painful joints
Pain, tingling, numbness in hands, wrists, forearms, shoulders, knees and feet
Shooting or stubbing pains
Swelling or inflammation

Common Symptoms of MSDs

ERGONOMICS

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Fingers or toes turning white
Back or neck pain
Stiffness

Common Symptoms of MSDs

ERGONOMICS


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Static posture

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

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Forceful exertion

Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

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Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Repetitive movement

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Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS



Extreme range of motion

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Risk Factor: ERGONOMICS

Awkward posture

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ERGONOMICS

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STRESS

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STRESS
The harmful physical and emotional responses that occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker.

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STRESS: Effects

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Manifestations of Stress
PHYSIOLOGICAL
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Indigestion

BEHAVIORAL

Drug use
Alcohol intake
Heavy smoking
Impulsive emotional
behavior
Poor work & family
relationship
Social isolation
Family abandonment
Sleep problems
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Tension
• Irritability
• Depression
• Boredom
• Inability to concentrate
• Low esteem
STRESS


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

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MONITORING
Systematic, continuous, repetitive health-related activities that should lead to corrective action

Types of monitoring

1. Ambient / Environmental
2. Biological
3. Medical Surveillance

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BIOLOGICAL MONITORING

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Biological Monitoring
Measurement of a substance, its metabolites or its effects in body tissues, fluids or exhaled air of exposed person

Assess exposure and health risk of workers

Complements exposure assessment by air sampling

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Biological Monitoring
• Chemical /
• Determinant
• Sampling Time
• BEI
• LEAD
• Lead in Blood
• Not critical
• 30ug/100ml
• MERCURY
• Total inorganic in urine
• Total inorganic in blood
• Prior to shift
• End of shift at end of workweek
• 35ug/g
• 15ug/L
• CARBON MONOXIDE
• Carboxyhemoglobin in blood
• End of shift
• 3.5% of Hgb


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MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

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Medical Surveillance
Identify cases
Analyze Trends and Patterns in the Workforce to Guide Prevention Efforts
Meet Regulatory Requirements

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Know the hazard - How worker is exposed
- How worker is affected

Characterize the hazard - Exposure levels

- Exposure duration

Know the worker - Susceptibilities

Obtain information on - Directed towards specific
medical examinations organ system


Analyze Medical Data - Disease, recovery, rehab
- Effectiveness or failure of
control measures
Medical Surveillance

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Environmental monitoring

Biological monitoring and surveillance

Treatment and surveillance
- Morbidity
- Mortality
Workplace-Related Events
Exposure at the workplace
- Chemicals
- Physical agents
Biologically significant exposure
- Chemicals absorbed
- Early (reversible) changes


None

Early

Late
Clinical diagnosis
- measurable health effects
• End effects
• - diseases
• - unfavorable events (spontaneous abortion)

Monitoring Activity

Health Effects

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

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Standards, Policies and Guidelines
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Rule 1050
Notification and Keeping of Records of Accidents and/or Occupational illnesses


Rule 1070
Occupational Health and Environmental Control

Rule 1960

Occupational Health Services

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Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
1. Every employer shall establish in his place of employment occupational health services in accordance with the regulation and guidelines provided for under this rule.

2. The employer, workers, and their representatives, where they exist, shall cooperate and participate in the implementation of the organizational and other measures relating to occupational health services.
1961: General Provisions

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Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
1963.01: Medicines and Facilities

1963.02: Emergency Medical and Dental Services

1963: Emergency Health Services


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Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
Hazardous Workplaces:
• Number of workers
• OH Physician
• OH Dentist
• OH Nurse
• First Aider
• 1 – 50
• 1 Full time
• 51 - 99
• 1 Part time
• 4 hours/day 6x/week
• 1 Full time
• 100 – 199
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 3x/week *
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 3x/week *
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time
• 200 - 600
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week **
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week **
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time
• 601 - 2000
• 1 Full time or
• 2 Part Time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time every shift
• 1 Full time every shift
• 2000 and more
• 1 Full time
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time every shift
• 1 Full time every shift
*Alternate each day
** Alternate workshift in a day


BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
Non - Hazardous Workplaces:
• Number of workers
• OH Physician
• OH Dentist
• OH Nurse
• First Aider
• 1 - 99
• 1 Full time
• 100 – 199
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week
• 1 Full time
• 200 - 600
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 3x/week *
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 3x/week *
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time
• 601 - 2000
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week **
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week **
• 1 Full time every shift
• 1 Full time every shift
• 2000 and more
• 1 Full time
• 1 Part time
• 4hrs/day 6x/week
• 1 Full time
• 1 Full time every shift
• 1 Full time every shift
*Alternate each day
** Alternate workshift in a day


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Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
An employer may not establish an emergency hospital or dental clinic in his workplace as required in these regulations where there is a hospital or dental clinic which is located not more than five (5) kilometers away from the workplace, if situated in any urban area, or which can be reached in twenty-five (25) minutes of travel, if situated in rural area, and the employer has facilities readily available for transporting workers to the hospital or dental clinic in case of emergency.
1963.03: Emergency Hospital

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Rule 1960:Occupational Health Services
Health Examinations:
Entrance
Periodic
Special examination
Transfer examination
Separation examination

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

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Key Elements of the Occupational Health Program
Health Protection


Health Promotion

Health Rehabilitation

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Health and Safety Programs
• Hazards/ Disease
• Source
• Health Effect
• Health Program
• Chemical
• Solvents
• Paints, Thinners
• Irritant, Multisystem effects
• Surveillance for chemical exposure
• Exposure monitoring (Biologic Monitoring)
• Physical
• Noise
• Woodwork
• Operations
• Hearing Impairment
• Hearing Conservation Program


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Health and Safety Programs
• Hazards/ Disease
• Source
• Health Effect
• Health Program
• Biologic
• Tetanus
• Dirty Nails, soil
• Lockjaw, rigidity, death
• Immunization
• Ergonomic Stresses
• Cumulative Trauma Disorder
• Awkward postures, Heavy loads
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Management or personnel methods;
• Workplace modification
• Worker education and training;Back Care Program

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Health Promotion
Physical activity, Nutrition, Weight reduction


Immunization
• OSHS, RULE 1960
Smoking cessation
• RA 9211 Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003

HIV/AIDS

• RA 8504 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
• National Workplace Policy on STD/HIV/AIDS initiated by DOLE - 1997

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Health Promotion
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
• RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002
• Department Order No. 53-03: Guidelines for the Implementation of a Drug-Free Workplace Policy and Program for the Private Sector
Tuberculosis Prevention and Control
• Executive Order No. 187, Instituting a Comprehensive and Unified Policy for Tuberculosis Control in the Philippines (CUP) (March 2003)
• Department Order No. 73-05: Guidelines for the Implementation of Policy and Program on Tuberculosis (TB) Prevention and Control in the Workplace

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DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 56-03
• SECTION 2. New Priorities of the Family Welfare Program
• a) Reproductive Health and Responsible Parenthood
• b) Education/Gender Equality
• c) Spirituality or Value Formation
• d) Income Generation/Livelihood/Cooperative
• e) Medical Health Care
• f) Nutrition
• g) Environmental Protection, Hygiene and Sanitation
• h) Sports and Leisure
• i) Housing
• j) Transportation
RATIONALIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAM (FWP) IN DOLE


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Approach in EnsuringWell-Being of Workers

Looking at developmental strategies

Information

Education
Training
Campaigns
Good practices
Successful cases
Competitions
Demonstrations
Interventions
Looking at regulatory requirements

Relevant laws, standards, issuances and guidelines

Enforcement
Implementation
Inspection
Evaluation


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Participatory Approach
Participation and involvement from stakeholders
Coordinated intervention
Learning from
specifications/guidelines,
scientific data
best practice

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Benefits to the workers
Enhanced worker motivation and job satisfaction
Added problem-solving capacity
Greater acceptance of change
Greater knowledge of work and organization
Reduces the extent and severity of work related injuries and illnesses
Improves employee morale and productivity
Reduces workers’ compensation costs

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
“I still need more healthy rest in order to work at my best. My health is the main capital I have and I want to administer it intelligently.”
---Ernest Hemmingway
Nobel Prize winner for literature