Lower Limb 9

JointsAnkle joint

The fibula and tibia form a socket for the upper part of the body of talus: Roof of socket: inferior surface of distal end of tibia. Medial side of socket: medial malleolus of tibia. Longer lateral side of socket: lateral malleolus of fibula.

Medial ligament Lateral ligament

Medial ligament (Deltoid ligament)


Medial ligament consists of 4 parts: Tibionavicular part. Tibiocalcaneal part. Posterior tibiotalar part. Anterior tibiotalar part.

Lateral ligament

Lateral ligament consists of 3 ligaments: Anterior talofibular ligament. Posterior talofibular ligament. Calcaneofibular ligament.

Intertarsal joints

They have the following functions: Inversion and eversion. Pronation and supination.

Transverse tarsal joint.

Subtalar joint


It is between: Posterior calcaneal facet on inferior surface of talus. Posterior talar facet on superior surface of calcaneus.


Lateral talocalcaneal ligament. Medial talocalcaneal ligament. Posterior talocalcaneal ligament. Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.

Talocalcaneonavicular joint

The parts of talocalcaneonavicular joint are: Anterior and middle calcaneal facets on inferior surface of talar head. Anterior and middle talar facets on superior surface and sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus.

Ligaments

Posteriorly: interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. Superiorly: talonavicular ligament. Inferiorly: plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament).


Bifurcate ligament: is a Y-shaped ligament superior to the joint. Base: attached to anterior aspect of superior surface of calcaneus. Arms: attached to: Dorsomedial surface of cuboid (calcaneocuboid ligament). Dorsolateral part of navicular (calcaneonavicular ligament).

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament.

Calcaneocuboid joint

It is between: Anterior surface of calcaneus. Posterior surface of cuboid.

Ligaments

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament.


Long plantar ligament: Posteriorly: attached to inferior surface of calcaneus. Anteriorly: attached to inferior surface of cuboid.

Tarsometatarsal joints

Metatarsophalangeal joints

Collateral ligaments. Plantar ligaments.

Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

Interphalangeal joints

Collateral ligaments. Plantar ligaments.

Tarsal tunnel

It is formed by: Medial malleolus of tibia, medial and posterior surfaces of talus, medial surface of calcaneus, and inferior surface of sustentaculum tali of calcaneus. An overlying flexor retinaculum.

Flexor retinaculum

Posterior tibial pulse

Extensor retinacula

Superior extensor retinaculum. Inferior extensor retinaculum.

Fibular retinacula (Peroneal retinacula)

Superior peroneal retinaculum. Inferior peroneal retinaculum.

Arches of the foot

Longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

Ligament and muscle support

Ligaments that support the arches: Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament. Long plantar ligament. Plantar aponeurosis. Muscles that support the arches: Tibialis anterior. Tibialis posterior. Peroneus longus.

Plantar aponeurosis

Fibrous sheaths of toes

Extensor hoods