General surgery

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
General Surgery
By

Prof. Dr. Muneer S. Al-Badrany

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Surgery:
Latin: chirurgiae, meaning "hand work is an medical sciences specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance


Surgery is art and Science

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Surgery build on many sciences:
Anatomy
Pathology
Physiology
Microbiology







Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Goals of Surgery:
1-Restore the patient to normal state of health
2- Remove the pain
3- Welfare the animals ( Castration, dehorning)
4- For diagnostics procedures (Exploratory puncture, exploratory laparotomy

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Types of Surgery:
Surgery can be classified to different types.
Depended on the Severity


Emergency Surgery
Tentative (Elective Surgery(

Castration, Docking, Trimming of Ear

Dehorning,
Chock, Intestine obstruction
Irreducible hernia

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Depended on the System:
Abdominal Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Cosmetic Surgery
Digestive Surgery
Eye Surgery

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Depended on the Danger (Life)

Minor surgery mainly done under local anesthesia, or under sedation. Open Abscess, Trimming hoof, Docking Equine, Remove cyst on skin
Major Surgery
Enterotomy, Enterectomy, TRP
Cystetomy, C.S

Over major

Surgery in the brain
Surgery in the heart
Transplantation

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Depended on the type
Tradionial surgery
Laser surgery
Laparoscopic Surgery
Microscopic surgery

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
In large animal surgery we must considered the economics of the surgery, this is contrast in human therapeutics
While in small animal surgery, this point is not very important
Ethics in Surgery
Prognosis of the Surgery
Values of animals
A viability of the instruments, facilities, medicament……

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Principle of Surgery
1- Gentle handling with tissue
2- Accurate homeostasis
3-Preservation of adequate blood supply
4- Strict asepsis
5- No tension on the tissue
6- Obliterate of dead space







Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Properties of Surgeon:
1- Lades fingers
2- Lions heart
3- Soliman judgment
4-Eagles eye

• Beard Cover

Short Hair Cap with a duck-billed mask

Long Hair Cap with a pleated mask

• Long Hair Cap with a pleated mask
•

•

•

Boots used in large animal surgery

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Considerations in Surgery
1- History of the case
2-Examination of the Patient
3- The surgical risk

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Preoperative consideration:
A- Preparation of the owner:
Facts of the case
Discuss outcome of surgery, and its effect on the health and productive of animals

B-Preoperative procedures relating to the patient: this divided into three categories:

1- Identification of the patient
2- Special or predominantly pre-operative procedures which vary with
the particular type of surgery to be performed
3- Routine or immediate presurgical preparation in all operations

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Patient identification:
Law
To avoid wrong animal operated, Not only animals should be identified but particular region also it is important
Special pre-operative procedure :
In case surgery in the abdominal we need bowel will be empty, fasting animals, give purgative animals before surgery.
in most cases 24 hours an adequate length of time with out food and 12 hours with out water
Prior to rectal, rectovaginal and anal surgery, the rectum should be evacuated manually, at the day of surgery

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Immediate presurgical preparations :


Position of the animal, standing position, recumbency
Clipping
Sheaving
Disinfection area

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
• Hibiclens®
• Packaged with antiseptic already contained within the brush
•
• Antiseptic can be chlorhexidine or iodophor based surgical scrubs

Can be resterilized before each use

Can be used with chlorhexidine or iodophor based surgical scrubs
Disposable Brushes

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Preoperative procedures related to the Surgeon:

In case of elective Surgery, The surgeon should mentally review the entire procedure , particularly if he do the operation for the first time,
Review the anatomy of the site
Emergency surgery unfortunately, permits little in the way of planned preparation, surgeon in this case depended on his previous training and experience
Physical preparations of the surgeon has, as its purpose, the elimination of the surgeon as carrier of infection to his animal patient.

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

The performance of aseptic surgery implies a concerted effort on the part of the surgical team to prevent bacteria to operative site .
Infection can occurred from 4 source:
1- Surgeon including all team
2- Instruments, surgical equipment
3- Animals patient it self
4-The environment in which operation is performed







Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Preparation of Surgeon

1- 7 minute hand scrub, followed by immersion of the hands and arm with antiseptic solutions, scrub with soaps containing hexachlorophene
2- Cap and mask are to be worn they should be donned before scrubbing
3- finger nails should always be kept short and before scrubbing orange stick should be used to remove and dirt beneath the nails
4- The technique of hand scrubbing not resemble to that carried out before dinner
This can be done by applied a mixture of lampblack and olive oil to the hands and than scrubbing
5- The purpose of surgical gloves is one of protection of clinician against bacterial contamination transmitted to it by the surgeon.

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul


Steps of preparation of Surgeons

1-Remove his street clothes and replaces them with his work clothes

2- Caps fitted well onto the head to cover as much of hair as possible
3- Mask placed mouth and nose and fixed in position
4- Scrubbing is then carried for recommended period of time
5- An assistant open gown pack not touch ant part of gown, which donned in the approved manner
6- Finally gloves put on the hands , care taken to avoided touch outer surface