د.محمد سامي

The dark red congested regions that represent accumulation of RBC's in centrilobular regions , "nutmeg" liver seen with chronic passive congestion of the liver.

Microscopically, the nutmeg pattern results from congestion around the central veins, as seen here. This is usually due to a "right sided" heart failure.

Coronary artery was opened longitudinally in autopsy, showing dark red cord like mass Diagnosis : coronary artery thrombus


There is a pink red recent thrombuus ( RBC, platelets, and fibrin) occluding a narrowed atherosclerotic coronary artery with numerous identifiable cholesterol clefts Diagnosis: complicated atheroma with thrombus


These are "lines of Zahn" which are the alternating pale pink bands of platelets with fibrin and red bands of RBC's forming a true thrombus.

Fates of thrombus : a cross section through a medium sized artery showing organization & the recanalization of the thrombus in these two slides. At the right the thrombus is replaced by area of granulation tissue ( organization)

This pulmonary thromboembolus is occluding the main pulmonary artery. (gross)

This is the microscopic appearance of a pulmonary embolus (PE) in a major pulmonary artery branch ( RBC, platelets, and fibrin forming lines of Zahn). Diagnosis: pulmonary thromboembolism.


Here is a "saddle embolus" that bridges across the pulmonary artery from the heart, as it divides into right and left main pulmonary arteries.

Here is a large wedge hemorrhagic area of infarction produced by a medium-sized thromboembolus to the lung. Diagnosis: pulmonary infarction (hemorrhagic infarction)


Grossly, the cerebral infarction at the upper left here demonstrates liquefactive necrosis. Eventually, the removal of the dead tissue leaves behind a cavity. Diagnosis: brain infarction with liqeufactive necrosis