د . نجاة نفسية الاثنين 17/2/2014
Thinking
Thinking represent many most complex form of behaviour, the highest of mental activity
The important of thinking is the use of symbol theses symbol may be a word, images, movement, mathematical symbol or others.
The use of language i.e. verbal symbols.
Mans ability to use symbol is only characteristic of his thinking, he organize the information into pattern this is called Concept formation .
Generalization.
Abstract.
The whole process of generalization and abstract is called Concept formation and this is the mechanic of thinking.
Problem solving behaviour
We use thinking in problem solving behaviour the classical is reported by Dunker ex.The Effect of previous Experience
The extend to which previous experience could affect thinking done by many researches, one of these done by Main, he set groups of subject, the 1st group had no previous experience he gave them an apparatus to construct from many component find difficulty to solve the problem while the 2nd group who had previous experience find no any difficulty to construct the apparatus .Bodily process in thinking
We are completely inactive physically is thinking out problem, but it has shown certain bodily processes accompany thinking, there is muscular movement are involved in mental process.
During thinking certain recordable nervous and muscular changes occur even although they are not apparent either to the thinker or to the observer and this can be recorded by EMG and EEG.
Autistic thinking: it is a fantasy thinking, this may be adjustment to intorable situation excessive fantasy thinking occur in schizophrenia and in normal people.
Primary and Secondary process in thinking
-Primary process is these which dominate in infancy and children ch. By immature, primitive tendency to immediate gratification of basic instinctual drive or needs.
- Secondary process are more mature and directed way of thinking , here the instinctual impulses can be controlled or delayed or substituted by another form of gratification .
Thought Disorder
1. Disorder of the stream of thought.
1. Inhibition of thought.
2. Pressure of thought.
3. Flight of Ideas.
4. Thought Blocking.
5. Incoherence of Thought
6. Circumstantial pressure of talk.
7. Preservation- speech disorder.
2. Disorder of the Content of Thought
1. Delusion A fixed false unchable belief is out of keeping with person educational and cultural background, not shared by others.
2. An over valued idea- an idea that because of its feeding tone takes precedence overall other ideas, it may be true or false.
Types of delusion according to content
Paranoid Delusion .
Hypochondriacal delusion .
Delusion of guilt
Delusion of poverty
Nihlistic delusion
Grandiose delusion .
Persecutory delusion .
Ideas of self-reference.
Primary and secondary delusion.
3. Disorder of the form of thought
Negative formal thought.
Positive formal thought Disorder (No abstract thinking).
Neologisms.
Self reference of thinking.
Talking past the point (here the pt. gives a wrong answer )
4.Disorder of possession of thought Here the individual is compelled to think his own thought against his will .
1. Obsessional thought can be classified into:-
a. Obsessional ideas or mental images.
b. Obsessional impulses.
c. Obsessional phobias.
d. Obsessional Ruminations.
Obsessions may occur in obsessional neurosis, in depression, in schizophrenias, and organic states.
2. Alienation of thoughtthis takes three forms:-
a. Thought withdrawal
b. Though insertion.
c. Thought broadcasting
المحاضرة الاولى بعد نصف السنة
HYPER13PAGE HYPER154