1.To understand the meaning of psychology & its correlation to different factors. 2.To Differentiate between normality & Abnormality 3. To determine the criteria that differentiate normality from abnormality 4 To be familiar with the different methods used by psychologists
1.Aristotle(384-322BC): Observation in human behavior 2.Charles Darwin(1809-1882):Theory of evolution. . 3.Francis Galton (1822-1011):individual differences (father of mental tests). 4.Wilhelm Wundt: ( father of Modern psychology) 5.Hermann Ebbinghaus:reported first experment on Memory(1885)
1.Structuralism(Edward Titchner):conscious experiences are composed of sensations,feelings &images. 2.Funcionalism(william James):Define mental phenomena or behavior in terms of their functions in man adjusment to his environment. 3.Gestalt psychology:The whole is greater than the sum of its parts(believed that the human mind imposes meaning to related experiences 4.Behaviorism(John Watson):S-R psychology 5.Psychoanalysis(Sigmund Freud):Behavior is governed by unconscious motive & primitive biological instinct
1.Neuoroscience: 2.Psychodynamic 3.Behavioural 4.Humanistic 5.cognitive
1.Developmental psychology 2.social psychology 3.personality psychology 4.clinical psychology 5.counselling psychology 6.school & educational psychology 7.Industrial psychology 8.Environmental psychology 9Behavioural neuoroscience 10.Expermental psychology 11.Forensic psychology 12.Sport psychology 13.Health psychology 14cross cultural psychology 15.Behavioral GeneticsBEHAVIORAL Approach COGNITIVE Approach PSYCHOLOGY BIOLOGICAL Approach PSCHOANALYTIC Approach PHENOMENOLOGICALApproach
Behavior
Nature versus Nurture
Scientific Psychology should focus on observable behavior.
John Watson (1878-1958)Ivan Pavlov
Psych the Science of Behavior
Stimulus Response Psychology
Mental Processes cannot be studied directly
Criteria to distinguish normal & abnormality behaviorDefinitions:1.Statistical DefinitionAbnormal=away from norm (e.g.) Height, Weight & intelligence2. Social Definition Abnormal = Deviation from social norms or acceptable behavior.3. Maladaptiveness of behavior:How the behavior affect the wellbeing of the individual or of the social group (e.g.) Alcoholic, violence …ect.4. Personal Distress:Individual subjective feelings of distress rather than the individual's behavior (e.g.) mental illness.
of it, is abnormal. Normality: Difficult to define. The following qualities indicate emotional wellbeing. 1. Efficient perception of realty. 2. An ability to exercise voluntary control over behavior. 3. Self esteem & acceptance (i.e.) appreciate their own self-worth & feel accepted by those around them. 4. An ability to form affectionate relationship (i.e.) form a close & satisfying relationship with people. 5. Productivity. Lack or excess
Classifying abnormal behavior: 1.DSMV diagnostic statistical manual 2. ICD10 international classification of dis.s (mental) no.10