learning

Objectives

1-Define learning 2-Examine learning theories that are currently important. 3-How would you implement it in practice

Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of prior experience

there are 6 main theories
Behaviorism Confined to observable and measurable behavior Classical Conditioning - Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner Cognitivism Social Learning Theory Social ConstructivisM Multiple Intelligences Brain-Based Learning


Pavlov taught the dog to salivate to various signals such as light tone ,there by prove the stimulus response associationBefore conditioning CS(light)-------------------------------------------No response U.S(Food)------------------------------------------UR(salivation)During conditioning US (food)------------------------------ -.>UR(salivation) several trials (few seconds) After conditioning:CS(Light)--------------------------------CR (salivation)

B. Operant conditioning: Operant behavior =operate (SKINNER) The reinforced behavior bears no resemblances the behavior normally elicited by the reinforcing stimulus e.g Ringing the bell = raising the bell Light on pupil=constriction In operant conditioning the animal is active . Skinners exp.is placing the rat in a box with a bar ,if pressed ,food will be delivered ,the more it press the more food will be delivered & vise versa .Extinction happen if no food is available .

C.Multiple response learning:e.g. Memorizing poem, athletic training , mirror drawing test …etc. Learning that result from acquired pattern or sequence of behavior which involve more than one identifiable act with the order of events usually fixed by the demand of the situation.

Cognitive Learning Theory

Meaningful Verbal Learning


 ANY BODY CAN LEARN ANYTHING AT ANY AGE POVIDED IT IS STATED IN TERMS THEY CAN UNDERSTAND
Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive theory

Grew in response to Behaviorism Knowledge is stored cognitively as symbols Learning is the process of connecting symbols in a meaningful & memorable way Studies focused on the mental processes that facilitate symbol connection

Social Learning Theory

1. How much power the model seems to have 2. How capable the model seems to be 3. How nurturing (caring) the model seems to be 4. How similar the learner perceives self and model 5. How many models the learner observes
1. Children want to be like the model 2. Children believe they are like the model 3. Children experience emotions like those the model is feeling. 4. Children act like the model.

Social Constructivism

Learning is…A search for meaning by the learnerContextualizedAn inherently social activityDialogic and recursiveThe responsibility of theExperiential activitiesJournalingPersonal focus LearnerCollaborative & cooperative learning

Multiple intelligences

All people are born with 8 intelligences Verbal linguistic Musical interpersonal Intrapersonal Kinesthetic Logical mathmatical Visual spatial naturalist

Brain-Based Learning (BBL)

Opportunities for group learning Regular environmental changes A multi-sensory environment Opportunities for self-expression and making personal connections to content Community-based learning

Humanists

All students are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or learn Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs (physiological, psychological and intellectual) Learning should be reinforced


Which psychologist is famous for his pioneering workin classical conditioning? A: B.F. SkinnerB: Sigmund FreudC: John B. WatsonD: Ivan PavlovE: Robert Rescorla

What is the name for the operant conditioning technique in which complicated behaviors are taught by sequential reinforcement? A: instructingB: shapingC: leading E: modeling D: scaffolding

Thank you