عملي

Giardia

Protozoan parasite
Family: Hexamitidae
Genus: Entamoeba

Giardia intestinalis

Giardia duodenalis = Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia)
Giardiasis (greasy diarrhoea)

Symptoms:

Greasy stool (diarrhoea) as the trophozoite coats the mucosa of the intestine
Bad breath
Vomiting
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Bloating and abdominal pain

Morphology:

Cyst:
Oval
1-2 nuclei (immature cyst); 4 nuclei (mature cyst-infective stage)
Axostyle
Flagella (short and retracted within cyst)

Trophozoite (active form):

Unicellular
pear-shaped
Flagellated (4 pairs of flagella)
Motile
2 big nuclei (Nu)
Sucking disk (AD) Clown face
Median bodies (MB)
2 Karyosomes )K)
2 Axostyles (AX)
Multiply by binary fission

Infective stage: Mature cyst

Access: Mouth
Ecological niches: small intestine, stomach and duodenum
Pathogenic stage: trophozoite
Diagnostic stage: cyst or/and trophozoite

Diagnosis: (Microscopic examination)

Trophozoite
Cyst
Specimen
Faeces (foul smelling & greasy)
Faeces (mucoid)
Method
Direct wet mount with normal saline
Direct smear with Iodine stain
Diseases
Giardiasis
chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption
Remarks
Container must clean
Examined soon after they have been passed
Select mucoid portion.


Seen
Lots of oil drops, pus, trophozoite
Cyst
Treatment
metronidazole (flagyl)
metronidazole (flagyl)