Zoonoses 4th year 19-02-2017 Dr.Osama muwafg
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Prevention:
is defined as inhibiting the introduction of a disease agent into an
area, a specific population group, or an individual.
Control:
efforts consist of steps taken to reduce a disease problem to a
tolerable level and maintain it at that level. The term "control" is
more appropriate when a given infectious disease agent is already
present
primary prevention:
it is include Prevention and control, Primary prevention is aimed
at maintaining a healthy population, i.e., preventing the occurrence
of disease.
secondary prevention:
Secondary prevention attempts to minimize damage after disease
has occurred.
tertiary prevention:
It is a Rehabilitation, after both primary and secondary
prevention have failed
Eradication:
is the final step in a disease control program. It consists of the
elimination of a disease-producing agent from a defined population
or geographic area. The first serious proposal to eradicate an
infectious disease (smallpox) was presented in 1767 by a Dr. Maty
Zoonoses 4th year 19-02-2017 Dr.Osama muwafg
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Total eradication:
means that the disease agent has been completely removed from
the area of concern. On a worldwide basis, smallpox is the only
disease agent that has been totally eradicated.
Practical eradication:
refers to the elimination of the organism from the reservoirs of
importance to humans or their domestic animals, rather than total
eradication from the region.
Disease free
It is used to describe an area in which the incidence or prevalence
of a particular disease of interest has dropped below a certain
level-usually an identified goal in a control program.
Three factors are involved in zoonoses control and prevention
programs:
A. the reservoir
B. transmission from the reservoir to the susceptible host
C. the susceptible host
Three methods used to neutralize the reservoir are
1. removing infected individuals
2. rendering infected individuals "non-shedders
3. manipulating the environment
Removal of infected individuals can be accomplished in two ways:
Zoonoses 4th year 19-02-2017 Dr.Osama muwafg
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1) test and slaughter: this method has been successfully used to
control bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis as well as equine
dourine and glanders
2) mass therapy : is usually restricted to a local situation in
which all potentially infected animals or people are treated
without first testing them to identify infected individuals
Environmental manipulation:
It is a method of reservoir neutralization designed to break the
chain of transmission between the portal of exit of the infected
(shedder) host and the susceptible host by reducing survival of the
agent in vectors or vehicles (food, water, soil, vegetation).
Reducing Contact Potential
Three methods are used:
1. isolation or treatment of cases
2. quarantine of possibly infected individuals
3. population control