Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of prior experience Tasks used to study the phenomenon can be grouped to 4-categories: 1.classical conditioning 2.Operant conditioning 3.Multiple response Learning. 4.cognitve learning.
Associative learning can be studied in conditioned response experiments. Flow of saliva to food placed in mouth =unlearned response (unconditioned response) sight of food = Learned or( cond. Response) the Response to
Pavlov taught the dog to salivate to various signals such as light tone ,there by prove the stimulus response associationBefore conditioning CS(light)-------------------------------------------No response U.S(Food)------------------------------------------UR(salivation)During conditioningUS (food)------------------------------ -.>UR(salivation) several trials (few seconds) After conditioning:CS(Light)--------------------------------CR (salivation)
B. Operant conditioning: Operant behavior =operate (SKINNER) The reinforced behavior bears no resemblances the behavior normally elicited by the reinforcing stimulus e.g Ringing the bell = raising the bell Light on pupil=constriction In operant conditioning the animal is active . Skinners exp.is placing the rat in a box with a bar ,if pressed ,food will be delivered ,the more it press the more food will be delivered & vise versa .Extinction happen if no food is available .
C.Multiple response learning:e.g. Memorizing poem, athletic training , mirror drawing test …etc.Learning that result from acquired pattern or sequence of behavior which involve more than one identifiable act with the order of events usually fixed by the demand of the situation.
Which psychologist is famous for his pioneering work in classical conditioning? A: B.F. Skinner B: Sigmund Freud C: John B. Watson D: Ivan Pavlov E: Robert Rescorla
What is the name for the operant conditioning technique in which complicated behaviors are taught by sequential reinforcement? A: instructing B: shaping C: leading E: modeling D: scaffolding