Diseases Of The Upper Respiratory Tract Rhinitis
"Coryza Or Nasal Cattarah"Definition:
Rhinitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and usually involving the upper part of the trachea, it may be acute, chronic, croupous or follicular.Etiology:
Primary causes:Inhalation of irritant vapour as ammonia or chlorides.
Presence of foreign bodies in the nose as dust particles.
Secondary causes:
Sudden exposure from hot to cold, this well reduce the resistance of the body & enable the M.O. which are normally inhabitant or commensals, in the upper respiratory tract as strept., staph., coryne. & pasteurella, to become pathogenic, active and then attack the mucous membrane.
Extension of inflammation from other parts of respiratory tract as laryngitis or even pharyngitis.
Bold causes, "in the course of some diseases as":
Glanders.
Strarngles.
Meliodosis of sheep.
Necrotic rhinitis of sheep.
Viral causes:
Malignant catarrhal fever of cattle.
Mucosal disease.
Render pest.
Blue tongue disease.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.(I.B.R.).
Equine viral rhinopneumonietis.
Swine influenza.
Parasitic causes:
Ostrus ovis of sheep.
Blood flukes as Shestsoma Nasalis of cattle.
Pathogenesis:
Rhinitis is usually of minor importance except when the nasal discharge rises up and block the nostril. Its major importance arises when it accompanies some specific infectious disease.Clinical signs:
Redness and swelling of mucous membrane of the nose.Bilateral nasal discharge which usually begins watery in character then mucopurualnt & purulent.
Swelling of the submaxillary L.N.
Difficulty of swallowing "dysphagia".
Sometimes the discharge rises up and blocks the nose leading to a condition of "snorting".
When there is irritation the animal rubs its nose against any hard objects.
There may be lacrimation and bleeding.
Diagnosis:
Clinical findings.Sudden onset.
The character of the discharge which usually begins watery. When the animal rubs its nose against objects, ulcerations & abrasions well be formed.
Complications:
Chronic rhinitis may extend to other parts as nasal sinus giving rise to sinusitis.
Enlargement of submaxilary L.N.
Conjunctivitis specially in sheep.
Extension of the inflammation to the lung.
P.M. findings:
Rhinitis is not a fatal disease, although the animal may die from a Specific
disease in which rhinitis is a prominent lesions.
Treatment:
Put the animal in a well ventilated space away from draughts.
Complete rest of the animal & give only laxative, easily digestive food.
Irrigate the nostrils with Sodium bicarbonate (1% solution).
Apply medicated steam inhalation, but contraindicated to be used in milk and meat producing animals.
Put Vaseline on the upper lip of the animal.