Symptoms of urological diseases

Symptoms of urological diseases

Changes in urine volume
Anuria - diuresis < 100 ml/24h

Oliguria -diuresis < 500 ml/24h

Polyuria- diuresis > 1500 ml/24h

Chages in urine appearance

Haematuria-blood presence in urinePyuria : pus presence in urinae Bacteriuria – bacteria in urine Leukocyturia- leucocytes in urine

Chages in urine appearance

Proteinuria- proteins in urine Pneumaturia – passage of gassStercoruria-stool presence in urine

Voiding disorders

Polakisuria or frequency – going to void too often Urine retention- inability to void – subvesical obstruction Overflow incontinence – bladder overdistension Nocturia- frequet voiding on the nightStranguria – painful voiding


Voiding disorders
Urinary incontinence : - Urgent- overactive detrussor - Stress – due to raised abdominal pressure - Reflex - Mixed - Overflow incontinece - Ureteric – ectopic ureteric orifice under the level of sphincter - Enuresis nocturnal

Voiding disorders

Dysuria- difficult voiding Voiding initiation delay Interrupted voiding Weak urine stream Necessity of abdominal pressure during voiding

P a i n

Renal pain
Nefralgia -constant ache in lumbar area caused by distention of renal capsul - inflamation, tumor, hydronephrosis Renal colic - colicky pain caused by spam and hyperperistalsis of smooth muscle organ. - radiats from costovertebral angle, toward the lower anterior abdominal quadrant, along the corse of the urether into the scrotum or vulva - passage of blood clot or stone.

Vesical pain

Cystalgia - persistant pain localised behinde pubic Painful contraction - spasmodic bladder contraction

Urethralgia - Several pain along the urethra Inflammation, tumor, foreign body Prostatic pain - prostatodynia -sharp pain promoting to the perineum Orchalgia -pain localised it the testes, often propagating along the spermatic cord - inflammation, tumor, torsion

Haematuria

Presence of blood in the urine Danger signal, that cannot be ignored



Macrohematuria:
- Total Initial- prostate, urethra Terminal- urinary bladder Microhemturia: Noticeable just with microscope 4 erytrocytes/fields of view Dismorphic erytrocytes detected by phase-contrast indicative of glomerular disease

Diferential diagnosis

Trauma Urolithiasis Tumor Inflammation Glomerulonephritis

BPH Malformation Sports Coagulophaty

Examination
Chemical and microscopic examination Bacterial culturs PCR for TBC Urine cytology

Ultrasonography

Pyelolithiasis Trauma Dilatation of KPS

Renal tumor, cysts

Tumor of urinary bladder Anomalies Cystolithiasis

BHP

CT
Trauma Tumor of urinary tract Urolithiasis Abcess

Cystocopy

Tumor of urinary bladder Varix in urinary bladder Cystolithiasis Fisstula