Introduction andclassigication pptx - د.نغم

Removable Partial Denture

Introduction and classification
By
Assistant professor
Dr. Nagham kassab

Terminology

Prosthetics: is the art and science of replacing missing parts of the human body.
Prosthesis: is the artificial part that replaces the missing part of the human body such as leg, eye, denture.

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• Prosthodontics: it is the branch of dental art and science that deals with the replacement of missing teeth and oral tissues to restore and maintain oral form , function ,appearance and health.
• prosthodontics
• removable
• FIXED
• MAXILLOFACIAL

PARTIAL

COMPLETE

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Definitions
Partial denture: A prosthesis that replaces one or more, but not all of the natural teeth
and supporting structures. It is supported by the teeth and/or the mucosa. It may be fixed
(i.e. a bridge) or removable.
Removable partial denture (RPD): A partial denture that can be removed and replaced
in the mouth by the patient
• Appliance : is a device worn by a patient in the course of treatment. example orthodontic appliance, surgical splint ,space mentainer
• Abutment: is a tooth , a portion of a tooth or a portion of an implant that serves to support and or retain a prosthesis.
Removable Prosthodontics :is the branch of prosthodontics concerned with the replacement of missing teeth and surrounding tissues with a prosthesis designed to be removed by the wearer.

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Tooth-supported prosthesis or bounded R.P.D
A term used to describe a prosthesis which depends entirely upon the
abutment teeth for support.

Tooth-Tissue – supported prosthesis

A term used to describe a prosthesis or part of a prosthesis which depends upon abutment teeth and mucosa of the residual ridge and basal bone areas for support.
Or Distal extension removable partial denture
A removable partial denture that is supported and retained by natural teeth only at one end of the denture base segments and in which a portion of the functional load is carried by the residual ridge

Consequences of tooth loss

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• Movement of teeth – tilting, migration and overeruption
• Alteration of occlusal plane
• Alteration of path of mandibular closure
• Alveolar bone resorption
• Appearance
• Mastication and speech
• Psychological effects

In general bone loss is greater in the mandible than the maxilla,

more pronounced posteriorly than anteriorly, and it produces a broader mandibular arch while constricting the maxillary arch
.
With loss of teeth facial features can be changed and reduced facial height as result of a reduction in the occlusal vertical dimension.
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Treatment options for the partiallydentate patient

1• No treatment –short dental arch
2.Fixed restorations – conventional bridges
Complete or partial))3• Removable partial dentures
4• Implant retained restorations – fixed or
removable

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Components of Removable Partial denture

a. Major connector

b. Minor connector
c. Direct retainers (clasps)
d. Indirect retainer
e. denture base supporting artificial teeth
F . rest

Major Connector

Minor Connector
Direct Retainer
Indirect Retainer
Denture Base
rest

Objectives of removable partial denture (purpose)

1. elimination of disease
2.preservation , restoration and maintenance of the health of the remaining teeth and oral tissues.
3. restoration of function, increasing masticatory efficiency.
4.comfort
5.esthetic
6.improving phonetics

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• Classification of partially edentulous arch

Requirements of an acceptable method of classification
• 1- It should be permit immediate visualization of the type of partially edentulous arch being considered.
• 2- It should permit immediate differentiation between the tooth- support and the tooth and tissue- supported RPD.
• Serve as a guide to the type of design to be used.
• 3- It should be universally acceptable.
The most familiar classifications are those originally proposed by Kennedy, Cummer, and Bailyn. Classifications have also been proposed by Beckett, Godfrey, Swenson, Friedman, Wilson, Skinner, Appligate, Avent, Miller, and others.

One of the principal advantages of the Kennedy method is that

it permits immediate visualization of the partially
edentulous arch
and allows easy distinction between tooth supported versus tooth- and tissue-supported prostheses.

• Kennedy divided all partially edentulous arches into four basic classes. Edentulous areas other than those determining the basic classes were designated as modification spaces.
• The following is the Kennedy classification
• Kennedy divided all partially edentulous arches into 4 clases based on the location of the edentulous area/s as follows:
• Class I: Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth.
• Class II: A unilateral edentulous area located posterior to the remaining natural teeth.
• Class III: A unilateral edentulous area located between the remaining natural teeth.
• Class IV: A single, but Bilateral (crossing the midline), edentulous area located anterior to the remaining natural teeth.

• Class I: Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth.

• Class II: A unilateral edentulous area located posterior to the remaining natural teeth.
Class III: A unilateral edentulous area located between the remaining natural teeth
Class IV: A single, but Bilateral (crossing the midline), edentulous area located anterior to the remaining natural teeth

• Applegate's Rules for Applying the Kennedy Classification

• Rule 1
• Classification should follow rather than precede any extractions
• of teeth that might alter the original classification.
• Rule 2
• If a third molar is missing and is not to be replaced, it is not considered in the classification.

Rule 3

If a third molar is present and is to be used as an abutment, it is considered in the classification.
Rule 4
If a second molar is missing and is not to be replaced, it is not considered in the classification (e.g., if the opposing second molar is likewise missing and is not to be replaced).

Rule 5

The most posterior edentulous area (or areas) always determines the classification.
Rule 6
Edentulous areas other than those
that determine the classification
are referred to as modifications and are
designated by their number.
Rule 7
The extent of the modification is not considered, only the number of additional edentulous areas.
Rule 8
No modification areas can be included in Class IV arches.
(Other edentulous areas that lie posterior to the single bilateral
areas crossing the midline would instead determine the classification