Establish papillodema
Transient visual obscuration may occur in one or both eyes , lasting few seconds ,often on standingVA is normal or reduced
Optic disc show sever hyperemia , moderate elevation with indistinct margins , which may initially indistinct
The optic cup and small vessels on the disc are obscured
Venous engorgement , parapapillary flame shape haemorrage and frequently also cotton woll spot may be seen
As swelling increases , the optic nerve head appears enlarged , circumferential retinal fold may develop on its temporal side .
Hard exudates radate from centre of the fovea in the form of macular fan
Blind spot enlarge .