سلايدات اطفال-كتابة طلاب

measels

omphalocele

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Hypothroidism

Tsh ( important investigation )

Mental retardation , short stature , developmental delay

jundice

Drain + hand rey dysplasia

Dx ?????

Dic ???

Iron D. anemia

Koilynechia
Hypochromic microcytic anemia
If the slide without koilnechia wt. ddx

B,thalassemia , lead poisoning , IDA , B6 defficiency

Spherocyte

Inheretance >> autosomal dominant or ressisive
Rx ... Blood transfusion , folic acid , splenectomy if Hb < 10 mg/dl , rx of hyperglobulinemia in neonatal period

Macrocytic RBC

Compare with lymphocyte
DDx >>> b12 defficiency , folic acid difficiency
Dx >> hypothyroidism , liver disease , drugs

Chicken pox

Avoid immunocompromise and pregnant

Koplic spot of measels opposite to 2nd molar tooth , rash

Meningococcemia

Other ddx >> dic , hemorrhagic rash

Acute gengivostomatitis

Caused by herpis semplex دائما يكون بالمقدمة عكس ال coxacki virus يكون الالتهاب بالمؤخرة من الفم

Herpis zoster

Sickle cell and target blood cell

Dx>>> sickle thalassemia or sickle cell anemia
Complications  splenic crisis
aplastic crisis
vaso-oclusive crisis most common
sequestration crisis
leg ulceration





hereditary spherocytosis
Rx of spherocytosis .. Supportive , blood transfusion , splenectomy ?

Ddx >>> hereditory spherocytosis , autoimmune hymolitic anemia , ABO incompatibilty

Maxilary hypertrophy , paller , browns discoloration below eye lids

dx. Chronic hemolytic anemia ( prolong thalasemia )
also can occure in spherocytosis , sickle cell anemia , pyrovate deficiency

Investigation >>> hemoglobin electrophoresis

hb A2 normal , hbF high , hbA low
HB A2 high only in trait

RX>>>> blood transfussion , chelating therapy , bone marrow transplantation

Hair on end appearance
Rx >>> chronic hemolytic anemia

3 clinical abnormalites on clinical examination

1. maxillary hypertrophy
2. Paller
3. Splenomegaly

1 y old child otherwise well

Dx>> ITP
There is purpura allover his body
If this purpura with hepatosplenomegaly dx will be leukemia







Raccon eye
Medical cause neuroblastoma

chart of physical and neuromuscular maturity of premature baby

Infective endocarditis

splinter hemorrhage
osler nodes
fever , splenomegaly
Compliation >> brain abcess , arrthmia , hrt. Failure

herpes whitlow

eczema herpeticum

herpetic neonatorum

osteogenesis imperfecta x ray , blue sclera

Autosomal dominant

Inverted u shape ventral suspention , floppy baby if > 5 months its abnormal

Abnormal ventral suspention

Hypotonia

Positive symetrical moro reflex c6,5

Must check it in CP, hyperbilirubinemia , asphyxia
Stop at 6 months

Sucking

7,9,10,12 cranial nerve

Planter grasp

Tonic neck reflex

+ve symmetrical
It disappear at 6 months

5month

Hypotonia

prematurity

Palmer grasp

3 month = head lag normal

If she 9 month = abnormal (hypotonic) or flopiness





Headlag below 3 month

Head lag disappear and the head perpendicular to body 4 months

Pincer grasp 1 y

Rooting 5 cranial nerve

Head lag disappear at 3 months

Crowel 7-8 months

parachute reflex

8 -9 months

Stand at 9 – 10 months

Walk at 13-15 months

13 – 15 months
If > 18 month no walk say delay





Caput succedunum

Cephalhematoma

Meconeum stained nails

complication that this baby prone to
meconeum aspiration
pneumonia
pneumothorax
birth asphyxia

Candidal napkin dermatitis

Lesion in the flexures
>>>>>> candidiasis
+ stallaite lesions

Clubbing

Ddx of git conditions >> IBD , Celiac
respiratory bronchectasis , lung abscess

Small eye microphthalmos

Loss of inferior medial side of eyelid of the same eye
DDx >>> torch infection , congenital abnormality

monilial thrush

May occure due to lactose intolerance
Rx >> lactose free formula . Zink supplimintation . Anticandida . Dietry rehablitation

Lt. lower facial n. palsy

No wrinckles on lt.
Lt eye cant close
Lt. nasolabial fold pushed to rt.

Encephalocele

Advice to mother > folic acid before 1 month of delivary
Other >. C.S , increase risk for future pregnancy

Sunset eye due increase of IC pressure

X ray of wrist showing cupping fraying splaying

Dx >>> ricket
two labrotary investigation 1. alkaline phosphatase elevation
2. s.calicium low or normal

ricket

Periorbital edema , abdominal distention , generilized edema

GUE >>>> protien in urine ( renal cause )

Other inves. RFT , LVT , echo

1, muscle wasting ,loss of haoir

2, Marasmus
Rx >>>> dietry rehabilitation
Rx of infection

• Loss of hair , rash ( flecky paint rash ), swelling of the hand

• Kwashirkor
• Rx>>> diatry rehabiltation , rx of infection
• S.albumen
• S, electrolyte

Cyanosis at birth why ?

Meconum aspiration syndrome because he has peeling of the skin
Causes of peeling  postmaturity
placental insuffeciency in premature baby

If this baby has dyspnea after birth wt. is the cause >>> meconum aspiration , birth asphyxia , pneumothorax

Gower sign ( proximal m. weakness )

Ddx >>> Duchehen muscle dystrophy , hypokalemia , steroid or hypothyroidism

Mongolian spot start from birth

Disappear spontanously on age of 1 y

Sequent in lt. eye

Abducent n. palsy

Hair on back

Rx >>> surgery in case of urine or stool incontinance
Investigation >> lumbosacral xray show spina bifida occulta

Cystic dilitation of the forth ventricle

Transilumination +ve of the cyst
Dandy walker

Trisomy down

Investigation of choice > karyotyping show trisomy

2 git complication > deudenal atresia

Hischprung disease

2 hematological complication

Leukemia , macrocytic anemia , hyperglobulinemea , polycythemia

Karyotype show 45x0

Renal abnormality >> horseshow kidney
Heart abnormality >> coarctation of aorta , tricusped aortic valve , aortic
Reproductive abnormality >> delay puberty , infertility





nevus flammeus port wine stain
Normal or due to ssturage weber syndrome
Inheretance of this lesion is sporadic
2 neurological complications>> seizure , mental retardation
Investigation>> mri or skull xray show train road calcification

Spina bifida

Neurological complication
paralysis , incontinance , hydrocephalus

Scissoring legs and spasticity of cp patient

Rx >> physiotherapy





Investigation >>
TsH _ hypothyroidism
Karyotype – down
blood nsugar –back with wideman syndrome
Protruded tongue

Chart for neurological and physical development of premature baby

DDH
X ray show shenton line and perkin line
, us show head of femur outside ihe accetabular groove for grading





macrosomia
Immediate investigation .. Blood sugar
Problems >>
Birth trauma , perinatal asphyxia , hypoglycemia

Current jelly stool intussuception

Imperforated hymen

Rx surgery

Hypothyroidism

If no rx  mental retardation , short stature
Developmental delay
Presentation in neonatal period من المح

candida diaper rash ( candidiasis )

Stellate lesion , flexure involvement , erythmatous rash

Umblical hernia

Disappear at 2 year so no nedd of rx unless complicated

prune belly syndrome

Associated abnormality  downward displacement of bladder





Mumps
Complication orchitis , meningitis
Acute complication  meningoencephalitis , pancreatitis , orchitis , oopheritis

gastroschiasis

Torticolis

Caused by steroncledomastoid tumor due to traumatic delivary
Rx by phsiotherapy

neuroblastoma

Pincer grasp

Pharangitis

2 chronic non suppurative complication>> psgn , rhumatic fever
2 ddx >> im , diphtheria

Acute tonsillitis

Complication  otitis mmedia , quinsy , retropharyngeal abscess





Cellulitis
Antistaph AB

Mastitis Neonatorumcellulitis rx antistaph AB

pectus excavatum

Bilateral hydrocele

Hydrocele no rx till 1 year





Pectus carinatum

omphalocele

Strawberry tongue

Investigation  throat culture , aso titer, anti dna ase antibody

Geographical toungue

No rx need

peutz jeghers syndrome

Perioral pigmentation + diverticulosis
Autosomal recessive

Chromosomal study showing trisomy

Abnormality with down  polycythemia, macrocytic anemia ,Leukemia ,
Deudenal atresia , hirschprung disease

Intussuception

Papillodema
Bulging optic disc
Angulation of vessels
Cause by many pathology like  meningitis , brain tumor

acute otitis media with effusion

acrocephaly

Turner syndrome
Heart proble / coarctation of aorta , tricusped atresia
Kidney >> hoarseshoe kidney

kwashiorkor

Nephrotic syndrome

rickets

kwashiorkor

jundice

Monilial rash

Sever wasting

Erb’s pulsy

Simian crease

(single palmer crease)
Down syndrome





mumps
Sever wasting marsmus

Caput succedaneum

monliasis

cardiomegaly

globular heart pericardial effusion

pleural effusion - multiple opacities

TB ddx

heart cardiomegaly و pleural effusion

May with periphral lymph adenopathy

Normal ECG

dextrocardia with situs inversus

Homgenous opacity filling the rt. Hemithorax there is shefting in trachea to rt. Side mean this is collapse

Deudenal obstruction double bubble sign

Rx  iv fluid , surgery

Double bubble sign deudenal obstruction + air fluid level

pneumoperitonum

Pneumoperitonum

Diaphragmatic hernia

Rt. Diaphragmatic hernia or diaphragmatic eventration

Esoph. atresia

Esophagial atresia or achalasia ???

Air fluid levels of intestinal obstruction

atresia

3 month infant presented with cough & dyspnea

Xray shows hyperinflated chest (depresed diaphragm , > 6 ribs
May be bronchiolitis

Hyperinflated chest

Hx of FB

A showing normal x ray
B xray during expiration showing lt. lung emphysema make shifting of mediastinum

Lobar Pneumonia (rt upper lobe)

Consolidation limited by fissure
Most common cause is strept. pneumonae

Middle lobe pneumonea limitted by the horizontal and oblique fissure

Opacification of whole lt. hemithorax consolidation of pneumonea but no pleural effusion b.c there is free costophrenic angle
Pneumatocele
Complecation of staph pneumonea may complicate to pneumothorax

10 y boy presented with acute abdomen

Dx. Lt. lower lobe pneumonea

pneumonea

Pleural effeusion + minscal sign

Pneumatocele

pneumothorax

Tention pneumothorax ( shifting mediastinum )

Endotracheal tube
So, +ve pressure ventilation complicated to pneumothorax

Rt. Total lung collapse

Normal xray after FB removal





Rds ( fine reticulo-granular pattern ) كعب البطل
Ground glass apperance

Diaphragmatic hernia

Rx >> endotracheal tube and o2 and NG tube

Diaphramatic hernea and endotracheal tube

Lung abscess

Lung adscess with air fluid level

RDS with pneumomediastinum as rds complication

Rt. Diaphragmatic hernia (rare) + pneumothorax in lt. due to lung hypoplasia

Enlarged hilar lymph nodes + non hemogenous opacity of middle and lower lobe

TB

Pleural effusion meniscal sign

Cardiomegaly

Oligemic lung (devoid vascularty of lung )

Elevation of heart apex
Rt. Sided aortic notch
BOOT SHAPE HEART ( TOF )

Enlarged heat then normal heart after treatment of ASD

Barium meal showing pyloric stenosis

Ricket

Ricket

Leadpipe apperance

Barium enema

( coil spring sign )
Coil spring sign intussusseption
3 signs >> current jelly stool
Suscage mass
Prolapse of the mass theough rectum

3 bubble apperance of jujenal atresia

Double bubble apperance of dudenal atresia

Osteomylitis

Full bladder

Working kidny

cardiomegaly

globular heart pericardial effusion

Neonatal examination

harlequin color change in lbw baby

lanugo hair in premature baby

Salmon patch in normal baby navus simplex

port wine stain (navus flammeus)

Strawberry nevus

cavernous hemangioma

colobomas of the iris

heterochromia of the iris

megalocornea

webbing of neck in female turner syndrome

Sternomastoid tumor

macrocefalia neonatal

Scalp defect

Eye light reflex

neonatal conjunctivitis

microophthalmia

Trisomy-slanting eyes

bradydactyly in down syndrome

Erbs palsy

phocomelia

Café aule spots benign

milia

Appear after 1st day , red raised , eosinophils

Erythema toxicum

Erythema toxicarum

Pilonidal sinus

meningeocele

scoliosis

Neutral head position

Neonatal reflexes

Placing & stepping

Tonic

Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein–energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. Sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, distinguishes it from marasmus. Kwashiorkor cases occur in areas of famine or poor food supply.

Nephrotic syndrome