protozoa of humans

Blood & tissue protozoa of humans

Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Malaria

Trypanosoma

Species pathogenic to man:

T gambiense

T rhodesiense
T cruzi

Morphology

Fusiform, Nucleus in the middle, posterior kinetoplast , anterior free flagellum

Movement

Reproduction
Nourishment( blood, lymph , C.S.F)
Culture: NNN medium.

Life cycle

Ulternate existence in vertebrate &invertebrate host.

T. gambiense( mid African sleeping sickness)

Vertebrate host : Man
Invertebrate host : Tse Tse fly Glossina

Epidemiology

West & central Africa
Transmission : bite of tse tse fly ( after cyclic development of parasite).
Mechanical : During epidemics.

Pathology & symptomatology:

Acute stage : blood & lymph
Chronic stage : C.S.F.

Incubation period:

Acute stageChronic stage

Trypanosoma rhodesiense( East African sleeping sickness)

Life cycle:
Morphology:
Pathogenicity : More rapid ,severe, fatal than gambian Tryp.

Trypanosoma cruzi( American tryponosomiasis)

Morphology:
Life cycle:
Vertebrate host (human , domesticated & wild animals)
Invertebrate host: Reduviid bugs .

Epidemiology

Pathology & symptoms:
In the blood : Trypanosomal form
In the cells : Amastigote form.
Invade skeletal , cardiac & other muscle fibers

Symptoms

The most common are cardiac & GIT symptoms.

Diagnosis

Treatment: Nitrofuran.