protozoa of humans

Lishmaniasis

Life cycle

L. Donovane.

L. Tropica.
L. barazerliensis .
L . Mexicana.

Immunity

Cellular reaction.
Delayed hypersensitivity.


In visceral lishmaniasis:increase in Immunoglobulin G

Lishmania donovani(kala azar, Visceral leishmaniasis)

Epidemiology

Indian.
Mediterranean.
Sudanese.

Vector :

Sand fly(Phlebotomus).

Source of infection :

Humans & dogs.

Transmission:

Bite of sand fly.
Blood transfusion.
Congenital ( rare).

Pathology

Symptoms & signs.
Diagnosis.
Clinical picture.
blood or tissue parasite.
Serology.
Culture: NNN media, animal inoculation.

Treatment

General :
Pentavalent Antimony drugs.

Prevention.

Post Kala azar dermal leishmaniasis

Cause:

Immune reaction due to incomplete treatment

Lishmania tropica( Oriental sore, Baghdad boil, cutanous leishmaniasis)

Dry ( urban).
Moist ( rural ).

Epidemiology

Transmission: Sand fly ( phlebotomus after cyclic development).

Contact infection.

Autoinoculation ( scratching).

Pathology

Limited to the skin on exposed sites.
Amastigotes : ( intracellular in macrophages & histiocytes).
Papule , dry white scales , moist brown scales, crust covering an ulcer, surrounded induration, Healing by scar.

Diagnosis

Clinical picture
Smear : scraping the edge of the lesion.
Serum from the indurated edge .
Culture

Treatment

Pentavalant antimony comp.
Local :

Prevention:

Leishmania Brazilienses

Mucocutanousn Leish,American Leish.

In reticuloendothelial cells of skin & mucous membrane of nose mouth & pharynx.