Presented by: Professor Dr. Imad A-J Thanoon
Metronidazole and TinidazoleAzoles This group includes: 1. Metronidazole and tinidazole. 2. Antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole.
Metronidazole(Flagyl) Metronidazole is a bacteriostatic it is effective in anaerobic microorganisms and some protozoa. It is well absorbed after oral or rectal administration.
Mechanism of action: In anaerobic bacteria metronidazole is converted into an active form by reduction of its nitro group, this binds to DNA and prevents nucleic acid formatoion.
Clinical Uses: Treatment of sepsis due to anaerobic organisms e.g. Bacteroides species notably : postsurgical infections, intrabdominal infections and septicemia, but also wound and pelvic infection, osteomyelitis and absesses of brain or lung.
Pseudomembraneous colitis. Trichomoniasis. Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) . Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) . Acute ulcerative gingivitis and dental infections. Anaerobic vaginosis(Gardnerella vaginalis). Triple therapy in
Adverse effects: GIT: nausea, vomitig, diarrhea and unpleasant metallic taste in the mouth. CNS: headache, dizziness , ataxia and siezure. Rashes, urticaria and angioedema. Peripheral neuropathy.
Tinidazole : It is similar to mertronidazole. Longer half life (13 h). Same uses. Same adverse effects. The longer duration of action of tinidazole may be an advantage e. g. in giardiasis, trichomoniasis and acute ulcerative gingivitis in which tinidazole 2g by mouth in a single dose is effective as a course of metronidazole.