Hookworms
HookwormsAncylostoma is found in Europe around the Mediterranean, on the West coast of South America and in parts of China and India Necator is found over much of the western hemisphere, Africa and South East Asia More than a billion people infected
Hookworms
Hookworms
Morphology
2. Eggs 6040 m in size, oval in shape, shell is thin and colorless. Content is 2-8cells.
Acylostoma duodenale Necator americanus -- human hookworms
Scanning electron micrograph of the mouth capsule of Ancylostoma duodenale, note the presence of four teeth, two on each side.
Ancylostoma duodenale - copulatory bursa and spines of male(a side view)
Copulatory bursa of N. americanus(a side view)
Morphologically it is not possible to differentiate between A. duodenale and N. americanus. Interference contrast. 400. Enlarged by 5.4.
The Morphological Differences between Two species of Hookworms
Life Cycle
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
(2) pneumonitis (allergic reaction), Loeffiers syndrome cough, asthma, low fever, blood-tinged sputum or hemoptysis, chest-pain, inflammation shadows in lungs under X-ray. These manifestations go on about 2 weeks.
(3) Allotriophagy (orpica) is due to the lack of trace element iron . (4) Amenorrhea, sterility, abortion may take place in women. (5) Gastrointestinal bleeding (6) Infantile hookworm disease
Diagnosis
Criterion 1. hemoglobin is lower than 120g/L in man, 110g/L in woman. 2. find hookworm egg Method 1. saturated brine flotation technique 2. direct fecal smear 3. culture of larvae
Treatment
Albendazole Mebedazole
Prevention
Unified measures 1. sanitary disposal of night soil 2. individual protection 3. health education 4. cultivate hygienic habits 5. treat the patients and carriers.
FB1
FB1
FB1
FB1
FB1
Ancylostoma duodenale
Rhabditiform larva
Adult
Egg
Adults of A. duodenale
Adults of N. americanus
Differences between two hookworms
Left picture Copulatory bursa and spines of N. americanus(a side view) Right picture copulatory bursa of A. duodenale(a top view)
Life cycle of hookworm
Adults in intestinal mucosa