TRAUMA
D
R
A
BDUL MELIK SHALLAL
EYELID TRAUMA
1- Haematoma (Black eyes) (Panda eyes):
2- Laceration:
ORBITAL FRACTURES
• Blow-out floor fracture:
TRAUMA TO THE GLOBE
1. Closed injury
2. Open injury
• Blunt trauma
• Trauma by sharp object
• Trauma by high velocity sharp object
General principles of management:
BLUNT TRAUMA
Causes: squash balls, luggage straps and champagne corks.
1- Anterior segment complications
• Corneal abrasion
• Hyphaema
• Traumatic mydriasis
• Iridodialysis
• Ciliary body & AC angle recession
• Lens: cataract. R: surgery
• Rupture of the globe
2-Posterior segment complications
• PVD (posterior vitreous detachment)
• Commotio retinae
• Choroidal rupture
• Retinal break: retinal dialysis, tears and holes.
• Optic neuropathy
• Optic nerve avulsion
PENETRATING TRAUMA
1- Anterior segment complications
• Small corneal lacerations
• Medium-sized corneal lacerations
• Corneal lacerations with iris prolapse
• Corneal lacerations with lenticular (lens)
damage
• Anterior scleral laceration ± Iridociliary
prolapse and vitreous incarceration:
PENETRATING TRAUMA
2- Posterior segment complications:
- Posterior scleral lacerations: usually associated
with retinal breaks unless very superficial. The
sclera should be sutured with treatment of
retinal break prophylactically by cryotherapy to
avoid rhegmatogenous R.D.
Superficial foreign bodies
INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODIES
1- Mechanically (laceration).
2- Introduce infection.
3- Toxic effects on the intraocular structures.
Siderosis:
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMITIS
Chemical injuries
• Causes
• Management
a) Emergency treatment: should started as soon
as possible (before history & exam)
b) Detailed history, examination & grading of
severity:
c) Medical treatment
d) Surgery(early & late)
