
Uveitis
Inflammation of the uveal tract
Classifications:
Anatomical Classification:
1.Anterior Uveitis
2.Intermeciate Uveitis
3.Postetior Uveitis
4.Pan-Uveitis
Clinical Classification:
a.Acute Uveitis
b.Chronic Uveitis
Causes of Uveitis:
1.Idiopathic:in most cases,no cause is found in more than 50%of the cases.
2.Non-Infectious causes:
▪auto-immune diseases:
-Behcet disease. -Sarcoidosis. -Multiple sclerosis. -Ulcerative colitis
-HLA-B27associated syndromes such as. Reiter syndrome
-Psoriatic arthritis. -Ankylosing spondylitis. -Sympathetic ophthalmia
▪ metabolic causes: diabetes mellitus, gout.
▪ trauma (blunt trauma not compliated by infection)

3.Infective causes
a.bacterial; TB,syphilis,brucellosis
b.viral;HIV(AIDS),Herpes simplex,Varicella zoster,Cytomegalovirus.
c.parasitic;toxoplasmosis,toxocariasis.
d.fungal:Histoplasmosis,Cryptococcosis,Candidiasis.
Note: the spread route of infection is either by hematogenous route or due
to trauma (penetrating or perforating trauma complicated by infection)
Investigations:
see below.
Clinical Features:
1.Acute anterior uveitis(iritis,iridicyclitis):
--redness of the eye(red eye)
--blurring of vision
--photophobia
--irregular pupil
--eye pain
--headache
--floaters(dark spots that float in the visual field)
--dilated ciliary vessels

--cells and flares in the anterior chamber(AC){AC cells and flares}
[flares;dust-like protdins inAC]
--Keratic Precipitates(KPs);infammatory cells adhered to corneal endotheliu
m.
--hypopyon(pus in AC)
In chronic anterior uveitis No signs of acute infammation(white eye)
Signs:
--synechiae(adhesions) iris is adhered to the anterior lens capsule.
--iris nodules
2. Intermediate Uveitis:(cyclitis,planitis)
In some cases is discovered accidentely or presdnted with;
--floaters
--blurred vision
On examination:
--infammatory reaction in the anterior vitreous.
--normal retina
--white eye
3.Posterior Uveitis(Choroiditis, Chorio-retinitis) presented with:
--white eye
--floaters
--blurring of vision

--photopsia(seeing flashing lights)
On examination:
--retinits(yellowish spots on the retina)
--vasculitis;signs of inflamed blood vessels;
--sheathig of blood vessels
--attenuation of blood vessels
--cotton-wool spots
--edema
4.Pan-Uveitis: clinical features include all the above manifestations.
Treatment:
The treatment is mainly by steroids
--topical steroids for anterior uveitis.
--systemic steroids for intermediate uveitis and posterior uveitis.
--intra-vitreal injections of medications is used sometimes for intermediate
uveitis and posterior uveitis.
--anti-infective cover for infective causes.
--othrt options;--cytotoxic drugs
--immune modulators

Anterior Uveitis
Complications
■posterior synechia
■cataract
■secndary glaucoma
■ocular hypotension(hypotony)
■CME(Cystoid Macular Edema)
■band keratopathy