TB pptx - D. Muslim - Muhadharaty

Tuberculosis

Lecture-8- 4th stage
Dept. of Family & Community medicine
By Dr. Muslim Nahi Saeed \Ph. D Family medicine
April 2nd ,2020 / online

Tuberculosis TB

Key facts
-Worldwide, A total of 1.5 million people died from TB in 2018 ( 251 000 people with HIV).
-TB is one of the top 10 causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS).
-In 2018, an estimated 10 million people infected with TB worldwide. 5.7 million men, 3.2 million women and 1.1 million children. There were cases in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable.
-Child and adolescent TB is often overlooked by health providers and can be difficult to diagnose and treat.
-In 2018, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 87% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.

Global impact of TB

TB occurs in every part of the world. In 2018, the largest number of new TB cases occurred in the South-East Asian region, with 44% of new cases, followed by the African region, with 24% of new cases and the Western Pacific with 18%.
In 2018, 87% of new TB cases occurred in the 30 high TB burden countries. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the new TB cases: India, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. WHO estimates that there were 484 000 new cases with resistance to rifampicin – the most effective first-line drug, of which 78% had MDR-TB.
Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year. This needs to accelerate to a 4–5% annual decline to reach the 2020 milestones of the End TB Strategy.
Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Who is most at risk?

All age groups are at risk.
1.Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries.
2.People who are infected with HIV are 19 times more likely to develop active TB.
3.Persons suffering from other conditions that impair the immune system.
4.People with undernutrition are 3 times more at risk. There were globally 2.3 million new TB cases in 2018 that were attributable to undernutrition.
5.Children (especially 0–3 years of age), 230 000 children (including children with HIV associated TB) died from the disease in 2018.
6.Alcohol use disorder and tobacco smoking increase the risk of TB disease by a factor of 3.3 and 1.6, respectively.