Hypophosphatemia

Hypophosphatemia

Defined as aserum ph. Less then 2.5 mg /dl(0.8 mmollL)in adult
Phosphate imp.
1.major component of skeleton
2.comprise DNA .RNA
3.ATP COMPONENT
4.abuffer in bones,serum and urine

Causes Refeeding syndrome

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Liver failure
Treatment of DKA
Hungry bone syndrome
Alcohol abuse
Malabsorption
Hyperparathyroidism
Fanconi syndrome






Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood.The condition has many causes, but is most commonly seen when malnourished patients (especially chronic alcoholics) are given large amounts of carbohydrates, which creates a high phosphorus demand by cells, removing phosphate from the blood (refeeding syndrome).

Clinical features………………??????

Symptoms

muscle weakness
fatigue
bone pain
bone fractures
appetite loss
irritability
numbness
confusion
slowed growth and shorter than normal height in children

Treatment

If a medication caused this condition, you’ll need to stop taking the drug.

You can correct mild symptoms, and prevent low phosphate in the future, by adding more phosphate into your diet. Milk and other dairy foods are good sources of phosphate. Or, you can take a phosphate supplement. If your vitamin D levels are low, you’ll also need to increase your intake of this vitamin.

If your hypophosphatemia is severe, you may need to get high doses of phosphate through a vein (IV). People with the familial form will need to take both phosphate and vitamin D supplements to protect their bones. They may also need dental sealants to protect their teeth from decay.
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Complications of hypophosphatemia include:

death of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis)
breathing failure
red blood cell destruction (hemolytic anemia)
an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia