Management In Nursing
BY:
AHMED ZUHAIR
Learning Objectives:
The student should be able to:
Define Concepts
Discuss the process, characteristics, and principles of management
Discuss the three levels of management.
Describe the roles of manager.
Management & Manager
Management may be defined as the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of
effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee
and give the public the best possible service.
Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through
people and other organizational resources./
Management and administration sometimes appear to be synonymous, but they are not
synonymous terms.
Manager
Is a person who controls and manipulates resources and expenditures, to meet the
organizational goals. OR
The definition of a manager is a person responsible for supervising and motivating employees
and for directing the progress of an organization.
Management Process
The management process, like the nursing process, includes gathering data,
diagnosing problems, planning, interviewing and evaluating outcomes. But in
reality each step of the management process is more complex than the
nursing process.
The management process consists of working with human and physical
resources and organizational and psychological processes within a creative
and innovative climate for the realization of organizational goals.
Henri Fayol , 1925, first identified the management functions of Planning,
Organization, Command, Coordination, and Control.
Later, Luther Gullick, 1973, expanded these and introduced seven activities of
management :Planning, Organization ,Staffing, Directing, Coordinating,
Reporting, and Budgeting ( POSDCORB).
Characteristics of Management
It is a process or series of continuing and related activities.
It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals.
It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other
organizational resources.
Elements of management Process
Planning means to decide in advance what is to be done. It charts a course of actions
for the future. It is an intellectual process and it aims to achieve a coordinated and
consistent set of operations aimed at desired objectives.
Essentials of good planning
a. Yields reasonable organizational objectives and develops alternative approaches to
meet these objectives.
b. Helps to eliminate or reduce the future uncertainty and chance.
c. Helps to gain economical operations.
d. Lays the foundation for organizing.
e. Facilitates co-ordination.
f. Helps to facilitate control.
Organizing
The management function of organizing can be defined as ,”relating
people and things to each other in such a way that they are all combined
and interrelated into a unit capable of being directed toward the
organizational objectives.”
Work activities required for the organizational performance are separated
through:
a. Horizontal differentiation (i.e.. Dividing the organization into operational
units for more effective and efficient performance.)
b. Vertical differentiation (i.e.. Establishes the hierarchy and the number of
levels in the organization
Staffing
Staffing is the selection, training, motivating and retaining of a personnel in the organization.
Before selection we have to make analysis of the particular job, which is required in the
organization., then comes the selection of the personnel. It involves:
manpower planning to have the right person in the right place and avoid “square peg in
the round hole". Manpower planning involves the following steps:
a. Scrutiny of present personnel strength.
b. Anticipation of manpower needs.
c. Investigation of turnover of personnel.
d. Planning job requirements and job descriptions.
Levels Of Management
Top level management
Middle level management
Lower level management
Top level management
The main role of the First level manager
1. Determines the objectives, policies and plans of the organization.
2. Mobilizes (assemble and bring together) available resources.
3. Does mostly the work of thinking, planning and deciding. Therefore, they are also called
as the Administrators and the Brain of the organization.
4. They spend more time in planning and organizing.
5. They prepare long-term plans of the organization which are generally made for 5 to 20
years.
6. The top level management has maximum authority and responsibility. They are the top or
final authority in the organization. They are directly responsible to the Shareholders,
Government and the General Public. The success or failure of the organization largely
depends on their efficiency and decision making.
7. They require more conceptual skills and less technical Skills.
Middle level management
1. Middle level management gives recommendations (advice) to the top level
management.
2. It executes (implements) the policies and plans which are made by the top level
management.
3. It co-ordinate the activities of all the departments.
4. They also have to communicate with the top level Management and the lower level
management.
5. They spend more time in coordinating and communicating.
6. They prepare short-term plans of their departments which are generally made for 1 to 5
years.
7. The middle Level Management has limited authority and responsibility. They are
intermediary between top and lower management. They are directly responsible to the chief
executive officer and board of directors.
8. Require more managerial and technical skills and less conceptual skills.
Lower level management
1. Lower level management directs the workers / employees.
2. They develops morale in the workers.
3. It maintains a link between workers and the middle level management.
4. The lower level management informs the workers about the decisions which are taken by
the management. They also inform the management about the performance, difficulties,
feelings, demands, etc., of the workers.
5. They spend more time in directing and controlling.
6. The lower level managers make daily, weekly and monthly plans.
7. They have limited authority but important responsibility of getting the work done from the
workers. They regularly report and are directly responsible to the middle level management.
8. Along with the experience and basic management skills, they also require more technical
and communication skills.
Class Code: 4h4n3za