Associated professor Dr. Najah K. Mohammad Consultant ophthalmologist Chairman of scientific council of ophthalmology F.I.C.S. in Ophthalmology High. Diploma. laser in Ophthalmology Medical college / Baghdad university Iraqi scientific council of medical specialization Medical city, Specialized Surgeries Hospital Floor no. 13 Ophthalmology Department
Gross Anatomy of the eyeball:
The eyeball lies in a quadrilateral pyramid-shaped bony cavity situated on either side of the root of the nose called Orbit.Macula
Macula1.5 mm
3 mm
Visual pathway
Visual Acuity:Definition:
it is the ability of the eye to distinguish the shape of symbols such as letters, numbers and pictures. It is the cone function of the fovea centralis.
Infinity ( 6 meter & more )
6036
24
18
12
9
6
5
1
Carrot
Visual field:Definition:
Island of vision in sea of darkness.
Central VF 30 degree
Peripheral VF > 30 degree
central scotoma
Centrocecal scotomas:Annular scotoma:
Altitudinal scotoma
Lesions in Visual Pathway
Hemianopia: half-blindnessHomonymous hemianopia: