Dental Implant pdf - د.ايناس

Dr. Inas Aziz M. Jawad

U N I V E R S I T Y O F M O S U L

C O L L E G E O F D E N T I S T R Y

2020-2021

Department of

Prosthodontics

Dental Implants

Definition

II.

Advantages & disadvantages

III.

Classifications

IV.

Materials used for dental
implant.



Definition:

A prosthetic device or

alloplastic material that

is surgically inserted into

soft or hard tissues, to be

used for functional or

cosmetic purposes.



Dental Implant:

Dental implant provides an excellent fixed (non-removable)

solution to replace a single tooth or even many teeth that have
been lost. It overcomes many disadvantages of other
conventional methods of restorations (removable or fixed
prostheses).

Dental implants

Advantages of implant over conventional treatment

1) Better maintenance of residual bone.
2) Better improvement of occlusion, occlusal vertical

dimension, phonetics and facial esthetics.

3) Improve / regain oral proprioception
4) Increase prosthesis success
5) Maintains muscle of mastication and facial expression
6) Reduce size of prosthesis
7) Improve stability and retention of removable prosthesis
8) More permanent replacement
9) More psychological health
10) In cases of partial missing, adjacent teeth do not require

splinted restoration, therefore this decreases adjacent tooth
loss and maintains bone in site.

Disadvantages of implant treatment

Expensive.

The patient requires surgery.

Time consuming.

Technically complex.

CLASSIFICATIONS

DENTAL IMPLANTS

I) Depending on the placement within the

tissues

1) Epithelial / mucosal implants
2) Epiosteal / Subperiosteal implants
3) Endosteal / endosseous implants
4) Transosteal / transosseous implants

Epithelial / mucosal implants

They are inserted into the oral mucosa.
Disadvantages
1. painful healing
2. requirement of continual wear

Titanium
Mucosal
Implants

Epiosteal / Subperiosteal Implants

• They placed directly beneath

the periosteum overliying the
bony cortex (not anchored
inside the bone)

• Receive primary bone support

by resting on it.

Disadvantages :

1) Slow, predictable rejection of

the implant

2) Bone loss associated with

failure

• Usually indicated in a severely resorbed, completely

edentulous mandible which does not offer enough
bone height to accommodate root form implants as
anchoring devices.

Endosteal / Endosseous Implants

• Extends into basal

bone for support

• It transects into

one cortical plate

Endosteal implants

1-Root form implants

3-Plate form implants

1. Cylinder
2. Screw root form
3. Cone shaped
4. Combination

2-Ramus frame implants

Endosteal or Endosseous implant

A. Plate-form implant :

Blade Implants have a long track record,

much longer than the Root form Implants.
Their name is derived from their flat,
blade-like (or plate-like) portion, which is
the part that gets embedded into the
bone.



These implants are designed for the edentulous lower jaw

only and are surgically inserted into the jaw bone in three

different areas: the left and right back area of the jaw (the

approximate area of the wisdom teeth), and the chin area in

the front of the mouth.



It’s indicated in a severely resorbed, edentulous mandible

which does not offer enough bone height to accommodate

Root form Implants.



It provides a tripodial stabilization of the thin lower jaw and

protects it from fracturing.

B. Ramus-frame implant

Ramus-frame implant

C. Root form implant



The most popular implants in the world today.



come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials



can be placed wherever a tooth or several teeth are
missing when enough bone is available to
accommodate them.



if the bone volume is not sufficient to place Root form
Implants, Bone grafting procedures within reasonable
limits should be initiated, in order to benefit from
these implants.

Transosteal / Transosseous Implant

• Also called as Staple Bone Implant, Transmandibular Implant
• Penetrates both cortical plate and passes through the entire

thickness of the alveolar bone

• Use restricted to anterior area of mandible
• It is not used much any more because they necessitate an

extraoral surgical approach.

The most universally used

implants are

root form

endosseous implants

which

extend into basal bone for
support and transect one
cortical plate.

A dental implant actually consists of:

A. PRIMARY COMPONENTS:

anchorage part/ implant body/
fixture.

abutment.

superstructure.

B. ACCESSORIES:

a– Surgical    1. cover screw
                        2. gingival former
b– Prosthetic   1. implant analogue
                           2. impression post

Dental Implant Components

ANCHORAGE PART/ IMPLANT
BODY (FIXTURE):

is the implant

component that is placed into jaw
bone to act just like a tooth root,
providing a sound and permanent
foundation.

Types of fixture:

Cylindrical or tapered
cylindrical

Smooth or threaded surface to
increase surface contact and
maximize initial contact with
the bone.

Solid or with holes or vents to
allow bone growth through.

IMPLANT SUPERSTRUCTURE

is a prosthesis fabricated with the
support of dental implants.

Types:

Crown

Fixed Bridge

1. Fixed prostheses:
crowns and bridges, or act
as orthodontic anchor.

2. Removable prostheses:
overdenture, maxillofacial
prostheses.

3. Fixed detachable
prostheses: Hybrid
dentures

II) Depending on the materials used

1) METALLIC IMPLANTS



Gold alloys

 Cobalt-chromium alloys
 Stainless Steel
 Niobium
 Tantalum
 Commercially pure Titanium(CpTi)
 Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

2) CERAMIC IMPLANTS:



Aluminum oxide

 Zirconium

 Hydroxyapatite

 Tricalcium phosphate

 Bioglass

 Carbon silicon

3) POLYMERIC IMPLANTS:

 Polyethelene
 Polyamide
 PMM
 Polytetra
 Polyurethene

Implant materials

Implant materials can be classified based on the type of material
used and the biological response they elicit when implanted
1- Biotolerant: these materials are not easily rejected when
implanted into living tissue but are surrounded by a fibrous
layer.
E.g.  1) Metals like gold, Co-Cr alloy, stainless steel, zirconium,
nobium
2) Polymers like polyethylene, polyamide,
polymethylmerthacrylate, polyurethane

Dr. Inas Aziz

Implant materials (cont.)

2- Bioinert: these materials allow close apposition of bone on
their surface, leading to contact osteogenesis.
E.g.

Metals like commercially pure titanium (Cp- Ti) and titanium
alloy

Ceramics like aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide
CreatingSmiles

Implant materials (cont.)

3- Bioactive: these materials allow the formation of bone onto
their surface, by ion exchange with host tissue leads to the
formation of a chemical bond along the interface.
E.g.
Ceramics like HA, tricalcium phosphate, bioglass, fluorapatite,
and carbon-silicon.

Implant materials (cont.)



Implant materials can be classified based on the type of material
used and the biological response they elicit when implanted

Biodynamic

activity

Chemical compositions

metals

ceramics

polymers

biotolerant

 Gold alloys
 Cobalt-chromium alloys
 Stainless Steel
 Niobium
 Tantalum

 Polyethelene
 Polyamide
 PMM
 Polytetra
 Polyurethene

bioinert

 Commercially pure

Titanium(Cp Ti)

 Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

 Aluminum oxide
 Zirconium

bioactive

 Hydroxyapatite
 Tricalcium

phosphate

 Bioglass
 Carbon silicon

 Biological response

means the relation of the implant material with the

surrounding tissues.



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K YOU

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