crowding powerpoint

Crowding of teeth

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL
COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
5th class
By: Assist. Prof.
Saad Gasgoos
2020-2021
P.O.P Department

Department of:

HERE
Orthodontics

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Department of:
HERE
Crowding of teeth:
Defined as a lack of space for all teeth to fit normally with in the jaw.

OR

disharmony in tooth to jaw size relationship.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
020-2021
Causes of crowding:
dental
and
skeletal


Other causes
environmental
or
hereditary.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
020-2021
Dental causes:
1- Large teeth(Macrodontioa)
2- Presence of supernumerary teeth
3- Ectopic eruption of teeth
4- Oral habit
5- Prolonged retention of primary teeth
6- Early loss of primary tooth
7- 3rd molar


Skeletal causes:
Deficiency of arch length ( small jaws)
Cleft lip and palate
Growth pattern

Diagnosis of crowding

1- Space analysis

2- Tooth size analysis (Bolton analysis)

3- Radiographic examination

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Department of:
HERE
Classification of crowding:

1- According to cause:

A- Primary crowding: its cause is genetic.

B- Secondary crowding: its cause is environmental

Example: (premature loss of primary teeth and loss of space).

C- Tertiary crowding: caused by pressure from back of arch either result from mesial drift or pressure from last molar.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Department of:
HERE

2- According to severity of crowding:

Mild (1-3 mm)
Moderate (3-6 mm)
Severe (more than 6 mm)

3- According to Clinical analysis:

Hereditary
Environmental

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

Hereditary factors of crowding:

1- Maxillary – mandibular alveolar protrusion.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

2- One permanent mandibular lateral incisor block out lingually and midline discrepancy.

3- Premature exfoliation of one primary mandibular canine with result midline discrepancy.

4- One mandibular permanent lateral incisor block out labially and midline discrepancy.

5- Bilateral exfoliation of primary mandibular canine.

6- Gingival recession of one or more mandibular incisors.










7- Split maxilla.

8- Canine bulging in maxillary and mandibular vestibule.

9- Palisading maxillary molars.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

Environmental crowding associated with:

1- Trauma like facial burn.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

• 2- Discrepancy in size of individual teeth.

• 3- Rotate maxillary incisor with enlarge cingulum.
• Environmental crowding associated with:

• 4- Iatrogenic treatment.

• 5- Transposed teeth.
• 6- Uneven resorption of deciduous roots.
• 7- Prolonged retention of primary teeth.
• 8- interproximal caries if not restored.
• 9- Abnormal exfoliation sequence.
• 10- Altered eruption sequence.
• Environmental crowding associated with:

Crowding should be corrected :

Why?

1- It prevent proper cleansing of all surfaces of teeth.

2- Cause dental decay.
3- Increase the chance of gum disease.
4- Prevent normal function of the teeth.
5- pain or discomfort.
6- lack of self-confidence and desire to smile.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY


Treatment plane of crowding:
It is done according to AGE, SEVERITY, and CAUSE of crowding.

No treatment is done till mixed dentition

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

Treatment in mixed dentition:

1- Mild crowding:

A- Crowding up to 2 mm must not treated because spontaneous correction by growth.

B- Crowding 2-3 mm need for disking of primary lateral incisor and canine during eruption of permanent central incisor.





UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL
COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

2- Moderate crowding:

A- Reduction in size of primary canine.

B- Expansion of arch, by tipping the molars distally and incisors slightly foreword while widening the arch in premolar area.

C- Extraction of primary canine but this create a possibility that permanent incisor will tip lingually reducing arch length, a conservative approach to place a lingual arch in canine extraction.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

3- Sever crowding:

A- Expantion either use functional appliance (Frankle appliance, lip bumber, buccal shield ) or with fixed appliance.

Note: lip bumber action is distalization of molars and proclination of incisors.

B- If we have severe crowding(10 mm or more): we do serial extraction.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Department of:
HERE

. Reduction in size (disking) of six anterior teeth.

. Extraction
. Expantion
Slow or rapid
Treatment in permanent dentition:

0.25 mm disking from mesial surface and 0.25 mm from distal for each tooth will provide a 3 mm space to relief the crowding.

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL

COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY

THE END

2020-2021