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Cerebrum -1-

Cerebrum

• Forebrain

• External features


Cerebrum

• SurfaceS :

• 1. Superolateral surface
• 2. Medial surface
• 3. Inferior surface



Cerebrum

• Sulci :

• 1. Central sulcus,
• 2. Lateral sulcus,
• 3. Parieto-occipital sulcus,


Cerebrum

Main Sulci

Three principal sulci
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus

Central sulcus

Lateral sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus



Cerebrum

• lobeS :

• 1. Frontal lobe (in front of the central sulcus
• and above the lateral sulcus),
• 2. Temporal lobe(below the lateral sulcus),
• 3. Parietal lobe (behind the central sulcus and
• above the lateral sulcus),
• 4. Occipital lobes (behind the parieto-occipital
• sulcus).
• 5. Insula


Cerebrum




Cerebrum



Lobes of Cerebral Hemisphere
Five lobes
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Insular lobe

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Cerebrum

Insular lobe

Cerebrum




• Superolateral surface


Cerebrum

• 1. Lateral sulcus:

Cerebrum

• 2. Opercula:

• Insula


Cerebrum

• Central Sulcus



Cerebrum

• 4. Frontal gyri:

Cerebrum

• 5. Temporal Gyrus:

Cerebrum

• 5. Parietal lobe :

Cerebrum


• 6. Occipital lobe:

Cerebrum
14-17
Cerebrum

14-17

Cerebrum-Frontal Lobe
Cerebrum


Cerebrum

Cerebrum-Parietal Lobe

Cerebrum


Cerebrum

14-19


Cerebrum-Occipital Lobe
Cerebrum


Cerebrum

14-20

Cerebrum-Temporal Lobe
Cerebrum


Cerebrum

14-21

Cerebrum

• 2. Medial surface:


Cerebrum

• 1. Corpus callosum

Cerebrum

• 2. The medial frontal gyrus

Cerebrum

• 3. Cingulate sulcus & Cingulate gyrus

Cerebrum




• 4. parieto-occipital sulcus
• Paracentral
• lobule
• Precuneus
• Cuneus
• Lingual
• 5. Calcrine sulcus


Cerebrum

• 3. Inferior surface

Cerebrum

• Gyrus rectus

• Olfactory sulcus
• Olfactory
• bulb
• Olfactory
• tract ,
• Orbital gyri
• & Sulci



Cerebrum

• Collateral sulcus

• Uncus
• Occipitotemporal
• sulcus


Cerebrum

• INTERNAL FEATURES

Cerebrum

• White Matter of the

• Cerebral Hemispheres



Cerebrum

• •

• •
• The white matter is composed of myelinated
• nerve fibers supported by neuroglia.
• The nerve fibers may be classified into three
• groups according to their connections:
• (1) Commissural fibers,
• (2) Association fibers,
• (3) Projection fibers.


Cerebrum

• 1. Commissure Fibers:

• •
• connect corresponding regions of the two
• hemispheres.
• •
• They are as follows:
• Corpus callosum,
• Anterior commissure,
• Posterior commissure,
• Fornix,
• Habenular commissure.



Cerebrum

• A. Corpus callosum:

• •
• the largest commissure of
• the brain,
• • connects the two cerebral
• hemispheres.
• •
• It lies at the bottom of the
• longitudinal fissure.
• • it is divided into :
• 1. Rostrum :
is a thin part of anterior end of corpus callosum which is prolonged posteriorly to be continuous with upper
end of the lamina terminalis.


Cerebrum





Cerebrum



Cerebrum

• 2. Genu :

is the curved anterior end of the corpus callosum that bends inferiorly in front of the septum pellucidum.
• 3. Body :
• Arches posteriorly and ends as
4. splenium


Cerebrum

• • Forceps minor :

the fibers directed
• laterally of the genu curve
• forward into the frontal
• lobes
• • Radiation of Corpus
• Callosum
• The fibers of the body
• extend laterally.
• • Forceps major :
Traced laterally, the fibers in the splenium arch backward
• into the occipital lobe



Cerebrum

• B. The anterior commissure :

• is a small bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the lamina terminalis.


Cerebrum

• C.Posterior Commissure :

Is a bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline immediately above the opening of the cerebral aqueduct into the third ventricle.


Cerebrum




Cerebrum



• Fornix


Cerebrum

• 2. Association Fibers :

• • Association fibers are nerve fibers that
• essentially connect various cortical regions
• within the same hemisphere and may be
• divided into :
• A. The shorT associaTion fibers
• B. The long associaTion fibers :


Cerebrum




Cerebrum


• White matter of cerebrum

•  Consists of myelinated nerve
• fibres which are categorized
• on the basis of their course
• and connections
• B. Association fibres
• • It links different cortical areas
• of the same hemisphere
• • Two types
• v. Short association fibres
•  They are entirely intracotical
•  Some merely pass from one
• wall of the sulcus to other.
• viii.Long association fibres
•  They are present in bundles
•  Example: uncinate
• fasciculus,cingulum,superior
• longitudinal fasciculus,etc



Cerebrum

• C. Projection fibres

• • Projection fibres connect
• cerebral cortex with lower
• levels in the brain and
• spinal cord.
• • Consists of both
• coticofugal and
• corticopetal fibres
• • Corticofugal fibres
• converge from all
• directions to form corona
• radiata.Corona radiata
• continous with the
• internal capsule.

It is a thick lamina of white matter made up of projection

fibers which pass to and from the cerebral cortex.
It is continuous superiorly with the corona radiata, and
inferiorly with pedunculi of midbrain.
Parts of Internal Capsule:
Anterior limb.
Genu.
Posterior limb.
Internal Capsule



Cerebrum

Radiological anatomy

Cerebrum




Cerebrum




Cerebrum




Cerebrum





Cerebrum

Good luck




رفعت المحاضرة من قبل: Ali Haider
المشاهدات: لقد قام عضوان و 214 زائراً بقراءة هذه المحاضرة








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