Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior pdf - Book Power Point Files

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Chapter 1

What Is
Organizational Behavior?

Essentials of

Organizational Behavior

12e

Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge

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After studying this chapter,

you should be able to:

Define organizational behavior (OB).

Show the value to OB of systematic study.

Identify the major behavioral science disciplines

that contribute to OB.

Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

Identify the challenges and opportunities

managers have in applying OB concepts.

Identify the three levels of analysis in OB.

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The Field of

Organizational Behavior

v

Organizational behavior studies the
influence that individuals, groups and
structure have on behavior within
organizations

Ø

Its chief goal is to apply that knowledge toward
improving an organization’s effectiveness

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Focal Points of OB

Ø

Jobs

Ø

Work

Ø

Absenteeism

Ø

Employment turnover

Ø

Productivity

Ø

Human performance

Ø

Management

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Complementing Intuition

with Systematic Study

v

Intuition: your “gut feeling” explanation of
behavior

v

Systematic study improves ability to
accurately predict behavior

Ø

Assumes behavior is not random

Ø

Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior

Ø

These can be identified and modified to reflect
individual differences

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Systematic Study

v

Examines relationships

v

Attempts to attribute causes and

effects

v

Bases conclusions on scientific

evidence:

Ø

Data is gathered under controlled

conditions

Ø

Data is measured and interpreted in a

reasonably rigorous manner

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Evidence-Based Management

v

Evidence-based

management: Bases

decisions on the best

available scientific

evidence

Ø

Complements

systematic study

Ø

Forces managers to

become more scientific

in their thinking

Contributing Disciplines to

the OB Field

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Psychology

Social Psychology

Sociology

Anthropology

Micro:

The

Individual

Macro

Groups &

Organizations

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Few Absolutes in OB

v

Impossible to
make simple
and accurate
generalizations

v

Human beings
are complex

and diverse

v

OB concepts
must reflect
situational
conditions:
contingency
variables

Contingency

Variable (Z)

Independent

Variable (X)

Dependent

Variable (Y)

In American

Culture

Boss Gives

“Thumbs Up”

Sign

Understood as

Complimenting

In Iranian or

Australian

Cultures

Boss Gives

“Thumbs Up”

Sign

Understood as

Insulting - “Up

Yours!”

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Challenges and

Opportunities for OB

v

Responding to economic pressures

v

Responding to globalization

v

Managing workplace diversity

v

Improving customer service

v

Improving people skills

v

Stimulating innovation and change

v

Coping with “temporariness”

v

Working in networked organizations

v

Helping employees with work-life conflicts

v

Improving ethical behavior

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Responding to

Economic Pressures

v

Effective management is especially important

during tough economic times

v

Employees look to their managers to provide

security during the instability of a recession

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Responding to Globalization

v

Increased foreign

assignments

Ø

Differing needs and aspirations

in workforce

v

Working with people from

different cultures

Ø

Domestic motivational

techniques and managerial styles
may not work

v

Overseeing movement of jobs

to countries with low-cost
labor

Managing Workforce

Diversity

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v

Workforce diversity: organizations are
becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people
in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and
sexual orientation

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Diversity Categories

v

Gender

v

Race

v

National origin

v

Age

v

Disability

v

Domestic partners

v

Religion

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Improving Customer

Service and People Skills

v

The majority of
employees in
developed nations
work in service jobs

Ø

They must know
how to please
their customers

v

People skills are
essential to success
in today’s
organizations

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Stimulating Innovation

and Change

v

Flexibility

v

Quality

Improvement

v

Staying

Competitive

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Coping with Temporariness

v

Jobs are constantly changing

v

Skills need to be updated for
workers to stay on target

v

Workers need to be able to
deal with change

v

Employees need to be able to
cope with flexibility,
spontaneity and
unpredictability

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Working in Networked

Organizations

v

Managers must
adapt their skills
and
communication
styles to succeed
in an online
environment

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Helping Employees Handle

Work-Life Conflict

v

The line between work
and non work has
blurred and managers
are increasingly
dealing with conflicts
that arise between
work and life away
from work

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Improving Ethical Behavior

v

Managers facing ethical dilemmas

or ethical choices are required to

identify right and wrong conduct

Ø

This can be difficult on a global economy

where different cultures approach

decisions from different perspectives

v

Companies promoting strong ethical

missions:

Ø

Encourage employees to behave with

integrity

Ø

Provide strong leadership that influence

employee decisions to behave ethically

Three Levels of OB Analysis

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Chapters 2 - 7

Chapters 8 - 13

Chapters 14 - 17

Plan of the Book

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Implications for Managers

v

OB helps with:

Ø

Insights to improve people skills

Ø

Valuing of workforce diversity

Ø

Empowering people and creating a positive

work environment

Ø

Dealing with change in the workplace

Ø

Coping in a world of temporariness

Ø

Creating an ethically healthy work

environment

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Keep in Mind…

v

OB’s goal is to understand and predict human

behavior in organizations

v

Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior

v

It is more important than ever to learn OB

concepts

v

Both managers and employees must learn to

cope with temporariness

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Summary

Defined Organizational Behavior (OB).

Showed the value to OB of systematic study.

Identified the major behavioral science
disciplines that contribute to OB.

Demonstrated how few absolutes apply in OB.

Identified the major challenges and
opportunities managers have in applying OB
concepts.

Identified the three levels of analysis in OB.

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