neonatal examination docx - كتابة الطلاب

Read this lec with neonatology

Neonatal exam:-
1.inspection from above down .
For - color "normally pink"

2.palpation :-fontanelle + sutures.

Note :- sutures are very small 2*2 cm."ant suture" closed at 18months .
Craniosynostosis :-a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification),thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it compensates by growing more in the direction parallel to the closed sutures.

Diathesis:-

caput succedenum:-sweeling in the soft tissue mostly affecting the vertex.
it is not limited by sutures.
no need for treatment.
No complications

cephalohematoma:-hematoma in sub-periostium .

Limited by sutures.
No need for evacuation
Complications:-convulsion
Jaundice.

In down syndrome ,third fontannelle may be present between the ant & post one.

--post.fontanelle :-1cm

closed at 4months.

Eyes :-

Pus secretion in conjunctivitis.
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage.
Congenital glaucomachange in color or cornea "white "

cataract:-opacification of the lens

Then examine for light reflex.

Nystagmus can occur N

nose :-nasal bridge flattened .

mouth
cleft palate
salivation
White tongue.
High arched palate

lucid ear

small retracted mandible
neck webbed:-turner syn
Cystic hygroma
Scm tumour
Thyroglossal cyst

hands :-erbs palsy
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
Moving humerus –hands :-observing for any fractures.

chest :-

Pectus excavatum
B.hypertrophy
Mastitis
Intercostal recession

abdomen:-

Scaphoid shape abdomen
In D.hernia

Distension of abdomen.

Movement of abdomen with respiration.
Umbilicus

if catheter in the umbilicusexhange transfusion have been performed.

Don't forget to examine :-gentiliafor dermatitis + hypospadias+epispadias+phimosis

spina bifida.

a.meningocele
b.meningomyelocele.

skin:-

Echymosis
Skin pigment
Petechiae
Bruising
Mangolian spot "not in down syn present":-green to bluish spot .
Upward slanting of eye .
Epicanthic folds
Papules
Macules
How to count gestational age?
Rapid recoil pinna "2"
Areola in breast is present"2"
Pink skin "not transparent"2"
Testes are in the scrotum"2"
Sole creases cover whole of it"2"

28+10 =38

neonatal examination