Practical

Lec:1 طفيليات عملي د.اكرام

Genus Leishmania
Final host: human
Intermediate host (vector): female of sand fly
Infective stage: Promastigote stage
Diagnostic stage: amastigotes stage

Disease:

Leishmania donovani: kala-azar : (visceral leishmaniasis,black fever).
Leishmania tropica & Leishmania Mexicana : cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis: mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Diagnosis:

Microscopic detection of amastigotes (LD bodies:Leishman-Donovan) in Giemsa stained smear of bone marrow, spleen and lymph node or liver.
Cultivation of aspirates in NNN medium (Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle) medium → promastigotes seen.
Serological method :IFAT, ELISA
PCR
Leishmanin skin test(+ve in cutaneous leishmaniasis)


Promastigote stage(culture) Amastigote stage(Smear)

Genus Trypanosoma

Final host: human
Intermediate host (vector): Trypanosoma cruzi: reduviid bug (kissing bug)
Trypanosoma brucie: Tsetse fly

Infective stage: metacyclic trypomastigotes ( from vector)

Diagnostic stage: trypomastigotes stage (in peripheral blood)

Disease:

Trypanosoma cruzi: American trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma brucie: African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping sickness
Diagnosis:
1.Microscopic detection of trypomastigotes in peripheral blood:
C or U shaped in Trypanosoma cruzi.
2- Culture on NNN medium.
3- Xenodiagnosis:
4- Biopsy examination: amastigotes is seen.
5- Serological diagnosis: IFAT , RIA (radioimmunoassay) , ELISA.
6- PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

C – shape trypomastigotes

(Trypanosoma cruzi) Amastigote stage trypomastigotes
(biopsy of cardiac muscle)

(Trypanosoma brucie)