Architectural Conservation
ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ
ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻪ
Degrees of intervention
The minimum degree of intervention necessary and the techniques used depend upon the
conditions of climate to which cultural properly is likely to be subjected.
Conservation involves making interventions at various scales and levels of intensity which are
determined by the physical condition, causes of deterioration and anticipated future environment
of the cultural property under treatment.
whole’. The seven degrees are:
(1) Prevention of deterioration;
(2) Preservation of the existing state;
(3) Consolidation of the fabric;
(4) Restoration;
(5) Rehabilitation;
(6) Reproduction;
(7) Reconstruction.
ﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻬﻳﺎﺭ
–
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ
ﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﺳﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ
–
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻫﻳﻝ
ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺦ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩ ﺍﻻﺻﻝ
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ
Prevention of deterioration (or indirect
conservation)
ﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻬﻳﺎﺭ
–
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣ،ﻪﻳﺧﻳﺭﺎﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻣﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻛﻠﺗﻣﻣﻠﻟ ﻪﻳﻠﺧﺍﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺟﺭﺎﺧﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻳﺳﻟﺍ ﻪﻳﻠﻣﻋ ﻭﻫ
ﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﻪ
ﻋﻠﯨﻬﺎ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺭﺍء ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﻁﺑﻳﻌﻳﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻧﺷﻁﺔ ﻁﺎﺭﺋﻪ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻣﺩﺭﻭﺳﻪ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺗ
ﻠﻑ
ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ
.
ﻓﺿﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺗﺩﺍﺑﻳﺭ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳ،ﺔﻳﻠﺧﺍﺩﻟﺍ ءﻭﺿﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺣﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﻭﻁﺭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻳﺳﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﺷﻳ ،ﻙﻟﺫﻟﻭ
ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﺭﻗﺔ
ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺭ،ﺔﻳﻋﺎﻧﺻﻟﺍ ﺔﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻳﺛﺎﺗ ﻥﻣ ﻪﻳﺋﺎﻗﻭ ﺏﻳﻟﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﻳﻓﻭﺗﻟﻭ ،ﺏﻳﺭﺧﺗﻟﺍﻭ
.
ﻭﺍﺗﺧﺎﺫ ﺗ
ﺩﺍﺑﻳﺭ ﻟﻠﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ
ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﺙ ﻭﺗﺎﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻳﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﻳﻪ
.
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻳﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺗﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﻅﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻣﺗﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣ،ﺭﺎﺻﺗﺧﺎﺑ
ﻣﻥ،ﺭﻭﻫﺩﺗﻟﺍ ﻥ
ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺟﺩﺍﻭﻝ ﻻﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ
.
Preservation of the existing state
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ
ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ
.
ﻣﻥ
ﺧﻼﻝ
ﺇﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺿﺭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺳﺑﺑﻪ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ
ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻣﺛﻝ
ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻭﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻳﺔ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺗﻭﻗ،ﻪﻟﺎﻛﺷﺃ ﻊﻳﻣﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﻳﻣﻟﺍ
ﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﻛﻝ
.
Consolidation of the fabric (or direct conservation)
ﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﺳﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ
–
ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ
ﺍﻫﻭ ﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﻭﻳﻪ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻳﺯﻳﺎﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﻻﺻﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﻋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﻳﺞ ﺍ
ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ
ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺿﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﻣﺗﺎﻧﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﻛﻝ،ﺔﻳﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﻠﺗﻣﻣﻠﻟ
.
ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﻟ
ﻠﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ
ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺗﻭﻁﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﻛﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟ،ﻝﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺭﻁﺎﺧﻣ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻭﻣﻟ ﺔﻳﻓﺎﻛ ﺩﻌﺗ ﻻ ﺙﻳﺣﺑ ﺕﺿﻔﺧﻧﺍ ﺩﻗ
ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺷﻛﻠﻪ
.
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ ﻛﻛﻝ ﻫﻭ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺑﻳﺋﻲ ﻣﻛﺎﻧﻲ
spatial environmental system
"
ﻭﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻓﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﻱ
ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﺑﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﻣ، ﻲﺧﻳﺭﺎﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻠﻟ ﻪﻳﻠﺻﻻﺍ ﻪﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ
ﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ ﻭﺗﺻ
ﻣﻳﻣﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺱ
.
Restoration
ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ
ﻫﻭ ﺇﺣﻳﺎء ﺍﻻﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻛﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﺑﻭﺿﻭﺡ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ
.
ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺣﺩﺙ ﺑﺷ
ﻛﻝ ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ
ﻟﻛﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺯﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩ ﻋﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺧﻁﻁﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺛﻳﻘﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺭﻳﺔ
.
ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻘﻭﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻩ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ
ﻣﻧﺳﺟﻡ ﻣﻊ
ﻋﻣﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ
.
ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﺧﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺗﻭﺿﻳﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﻟ
ﻣﻪ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻫﻭ
ﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺷﻛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ
.
ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻣﺭ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺗﺭﺗﺏ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺭﺍﻛﻣﺎﺕ
ﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﻪ
ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺗﻧﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﻩ
.
ﻭﺗﻛﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺗﻌ
ﺭﺽ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ
ﺗﺭﻣﻳﻡ ﻭﺍﺧﻔﺎء ﺍﻭ ﺗﺑﺩﻳﻝ ﻟﺑﻌﺽ ﻋﻧﺎﺻﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﺏ ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﻩ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﺗﻭﺟﺏ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﻣﻘﻪ ﻟﻠﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎ
ﺻﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻲ ﻻﺳﺗﻛﺷﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺳﻠﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺿﻭء ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻳ
ﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ
ﻭﺍﻻﺛﺭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻳﻪ
.
Rehabilitation
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻫﻳﻝ
ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻁﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ
modernization
ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ
ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ
.
ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﻻﺩﺍء ﻭﺿﻴﻔﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﻩ ﻟﻮﺿﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜ
ﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﻪ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻻﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻛﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ
,
ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻴﻞ
ﺣﻀﺎﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﻦ
,
ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻣﺜﻠﻬﻜﺜﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ
ﻘﻴﻤﻪ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻧﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﻪ
.
ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ
ﻣﺘﺎﺣﻒ
ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎ
.
ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ ﻟﻴﺤﻘﻖ ﻏﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ
ﺭﻣﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻞ
ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻫﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ
.
ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻷ
ﺻﻠﻴﻪ
ﻭﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻠ
ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﻪ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﻪ
.
Reproduction ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﺻﻞ
ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎﺥ ﻁﺑﻖ ﺍﻻﺻﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﻌﻭﻳﺽ ﺍﻻﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻘﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧ
ﻰ ﺍﻭ ﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﺍﺟﺯﺍء
ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺿﻣﻧﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﻪ ﺍﻣﻧﻪ
.
ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺳﺗﻠﺯﻡ ﻧﺳﺦ
ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ
ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻗﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺟﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ
.
ﺗﻡ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻛﻝ ﺃﻧﺟﻠﻭ،ﻝﺎﺛﻣﻟﺍ ﻝﻳﺑﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ
"
ﺩﻳﻔﻳﺩ
"
Michelangelo’s
‘David
ﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺗﺧﺫﺕ ﺍﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ ﻣﺷ،ءﻲﺳﻟﺍ ﺱﻘﻁﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺎﻬﺗﻳﺎﻣﺣﻟ ﻑﺣﺗﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ،ﺎﺳﻧﺭﻭﻠﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻼﻳﺩ ﺔﺣﺎﺳ ﻥﻣ
ﺎﺑﻪ
ﻟﻠﻧﺻﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺫﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻛﺎﺛﺩﺭﺍﺋﻳﻪ ﺳﺗﺭﺍﺳﺑﻭﺭﻍ
.
Reconstruction
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ
ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻣﺎﺭ
ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻛﺯ ﺍﻻﺛﺭﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗ
ﺩ ﺗﻌﺭﺿﺕ
ﻟﻛﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻭﺏ
.
ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺧﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺗﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍ
ﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ
ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ
,
ﺍﺫ ﻟﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻁﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﺍ
ﻟﻣﺑﻧﻳﻪ ﺑﺣﺭﻓﻪ
ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﻧﺩ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺛﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻳﻖ،ﻡﻳﻣﺭﺗﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺎﺣﻟﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻣﻛ ﻪﻣﻳﺩﻗ ﺏﻳﻟﺎﺳﺍﻭ
ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻣﻳﻥ
,
ﺑﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﺧﺑﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﻧ
ﺷﺎﺋﻳﻪ
ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﻪ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ
.
ﺭﺑﻣﺎ ﻳﺷﻣﻝ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﺣﺭﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻟﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﺑﻳﺋﻪ ﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻭﺿﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺑﻳﺋﺗﻪ ﺍ
ﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻻ
ﺗﺻﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ
.
ﺍﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻳﻪ ﻭﺗﻭﻟﻳﺩ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﻧ
ﺗﻳﺟﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ
ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ
.
ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻼﺳﻳﻛﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺑﺩ ﺃﺑﻭ ﺳﻣﺑﻝ
)
ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷﺭ
(
ﻣﺻﺭﻟﻣﻧﻊ ﻏﻣﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻘ،
ﺎﺏ ﺑﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﺩ
ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻳﺋﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﻩ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻳﺎﺡ،ﻥﺍﻭﺳﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ
.
ﺍﻟﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻻﻋﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﺣﻘ
ﻳﻘﻪ
ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺩﻣﺞ ﻻﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻪ ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﺯﺍء ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗ
ﺎﻫﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺣﻳﻥ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﺑﺻﻳﻎ ﻗﺩ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺭﻩ
.
Riquelme ́s Palace.
I
n
Spain
Architect David De Cos Román
ﺗﻢ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﻒ ﻓﻀﺎءﺍﺗﻪ ﻟﻴﻀﻢ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻧﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﻪ
ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﻪ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ
.
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﻪ
ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ
,
ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻫﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺣﻴﺎء
ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﻪ
.
http://cma-edu-2013.blogspot.com/2013/08/david-de-cos-roman-2.html
Restoration Project of the church of Santa Maria de la Cuesta of Durón, Guadalajara
(Spain)
Restoration Project of the church of Santa Maria de Renera, Guadalajara (Spain)
Colonnade of Temple of Apollo, Pompeii (Unesco World Heritage List, 1997),
Campania, Italy, Roman civilization, 2nd-1st century BC, reproduction
Preservation of Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow
A preservation of Moscow's iconic Shukhov Radio Tower to preventing its
demolition, following a high-profile
Protection of the Antonine Column in Rome.
Protection of the Ara Pacis in Rome.
Tabriz Bazaar Rehabilitation, Iran
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/iran/tabriz-bazaar-rehabilitation
Restoration of
PALACE, ST. PETERSBURG
, Peterhof, Russia.
First prize in Baghdad competition/Dewan Architects
of Developing the Area
Surrounding the Holy Shrines in Kadhimiya,
Baghdad
,
Iraq
https://islamicprojects.wordpress.com/2011/03/11/
ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﺔ
ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺭﺣﻪ
ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻣﻳﺔ
،
ﺑﻐﺩﺍﺩ
،
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ
.
ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ
ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻉ
ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ
ﺍ
ﻻﺿﺭﺣﻪ
ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﻪ
ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁ
ﻭﻣﻧﺎﻁﻖ
ﻣﺣﻳﻁﺔ
ﺑﻬﺎ
ﺑ
ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ
ﻧﺻﻑ
ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ
500
ﻣﺗﺭ
ﻋﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ
ﺃﺳﻭﺍﻕ
ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ
ﻭﻣﻧﺎﺯﻝ
ﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ
ﻭﺍﻧﺷﻁﺔ
ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ
ﻭﺩﻳﻧﻳﺔ
.
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻫﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻣﻪ
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ
-
ﺑﻳﺗﻭﺕ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﻩ ﻣﺑﻧﻳﻪ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺭﻭﺣﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﻪ
ﺍﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ
–
ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﺭﺍﻧﻳﻪ ﺗﺣﺗﺭﻡ ﻭﺗﻧﺳﺟﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﻳﺞ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ