Bleeding time
BLEEDING TIME: the time that elapses between the puncture of the skin and the stoppage of blood oozing using a lancet.Why Do I Need a Bleeding Time Test?Most people will never need a bleeding time test. You may need to have a bleeding test if you’ve been having bleeding that won’t stop, especially from small incisions, punctures, or cuts.Bleeding time: To evaluate platelet functionTo screen patients for bleeding tendencies before a scheduled surgeryAbnormal results of a bleeding time test could mean you have an acquired platelet function defect.Methods 1-Duke test. Is the easiest to perform. 2-Ivy test 3-Template test
Duke TestMaterial and Instruments 1-Sterile disposable lancet. 2-Stopwatch. 3-Circular test paper. 4-Cotton &alcohol
Procedure
1-The ear lobe is cleansed with an alcohol sponge and allowed to dry. 2-A standardized puncture of the ear lobe is then made , using a sterile blood lancet. 3-The stopwatch is started at the moment of the puncture . 4-Using circular filter paper the blood is blotted every 30 seconds without allowing the filter paper to touch the wound . 5-when bleeding ceases , the stopwatch is halted and the bleeding time =number of spot\2 in minutes Results Normal range : 2-6 minutesDiscussion:
Clotting timeClotting time is the time required for a sample of blood to coagulate in vitro under standard conditions. .
MethodLee And White Method .Materials and Instruments1-water bath , 37C2-Glass test tubes , 13 x 100mm.3-Stopwatch.4-Plastic syringe(10mL) .and 20-gauge needle5-Fresh whole blood , 4mL .
Procedure
1-Label three test tubes with the patients name ,and number them , 1, 2, and 3.2-Withdraw 4mL of blood .3-Carefully place 1mL of the blood in test tube 3,then 1mLin test tube 2,and lastly ,1mLin the tube 1.Start the stopwatch as soon as the blood is placed in tube 3.4-Place the three test tubes in a 37C water bath .5-At exactly 5minutes,tilt test tube 1gently to 45 angle .Repeat this procedure every 30 seconds until the test tube can completely inverted without spilling the contents i.e. until the blood is completely clotted.
6-Record the time it took the blood to test tube 1 to clot .7-Thirty seconds after the blood in test tube 1 is clotted ,proceed with tube 2 and repeat the preceding procedure ,tilting the test tube every 30 seconds until a clot is formed .Record the results .Repeat this procedure for test tube 3 .8- Since agitation and handling speed up coagulation ,the coagulation time of test tube 3 is handling the reported result .
Normal value is 6- 10 minutes. Bleeding time and clotting time are not the same. Bleeding time depends on the integrity of platelets and vessel walls, whereas clotting time depends on the availability of coagulation factors. In coagulation disorders like haemophilia, clotting time is prolonged but bleeding time remains normal.