GIT

* The Mouth & salivary glands Atlas

Prof. Dr. Khalid A. Al-Khazraji MBCHB, MD, CABM, FRCP, FACP


* Stomatitis: is inflammation in the mouth from any cause, such as ill-fitting dentures. Angular stomatitis is inflammation of the corners of the mouth. Angular stomatitis

* Glossitis

Glossitis is a red, smooth, sore tongue associated with B12, folate or iron deficiency. It is also seen in infections due to Candida and in riboflavin and nicotinic acid deficiency.A black hairy tongue is due to a proliferation of chromogenic microorganisms causing brown staining of elongated filiform papillae. The causes are unknown, but heavy smoking and the use of antiseptic mouthwashes have been implicated.A geographic tongue is an idiopathic condition occurring in 1–2% of the population and may be familial. There are erythematous areas surrounded by well-defined, slightly raised irregular margins. The lesions are usually painless and the patient should be reassured.

* Glossitis

* Geographic tongue
Black hairy tongue

* Lesions of the mouth

I- Aphthus. II- Infectious. (Viral , Bacterial , Fungal). III- Neoplastic (ulcerative).

* Aphthus lesions

Types:
Minor aphthus

* Distinctions between Aphthous and Herpetic Oral Ulcers

Condition
Mucosa
Location
Aphthous
unkeratinized
Lateral tongue, floor of the mouth, labial and buccal mucosa, soft palate, pharynx
Herpes simplex
Keratinized
Gingiva, hard palate, dorsal tongue.

* Major Aphthus

Herpetiform aphthus lesion

* Herpes simplex

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* Herpes simplex

* Oral erythema multiforme

* Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ANUG ( Vincent’s angina)

* Oral cancer

* Candidiasis

Oral candidiasis or candidosis (moniliasis, thrush) typically appears as white curd-like patches or as red (atrophic) or white and red friable lesions on any mucosal surface. Candidiasis often occurs during or after antibiotic or glucocorticoid therapy, in denture wearers, pregnant women, and older adults, and in patients with anemia, diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Cushing's disease, or familial hypoparathyroidism. Oral candidiasis is also associated with xerostomia, whatever the cause. Topical therapy is most effective in patients with no underlying chronic conditions and may use of the following: (1) nystatin (Mycostatin), 100,000-U vaginal tablet dissolved orally three to five times daily; (2) clotrimazole (Mycelex), 10-mg troche to be dissolved orally five times daily; or (3) clotrimazole, 500-mg vaginal tablet, to be dissolved orally at bedtime. Topical agents are effective in the absence of immunosuppression, whereas oral antifungal agents are needed in immunocompromised patients.

* Candidiasis

* Addison’s disease

* Oral lichen planus

* Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

* Causes of Halitosis
1- Poor oral hygiene. 2- Anxiety when halitosis is more imaginary than real. 3- Esophageal stricture. 4- Pulmonary sepsis. 5- Gastric outlet obstruction. 6- Intestinal gastric fistula.

Gingival swelling

hereditary Drugs Pregnancy Scurvy Leukemia Wegeners granuloma
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* Diseases of Salivary glands

* Parotitis

* Causes of Xerstomia( dry mouth )

1- sjogren's syndrome. 2- Drugs ( e.g. antimuscarinic, antiparkinsonian, antihistamine, lithium) 3- radiotherapy 4- Psychogenic causes. 5- Dehydration, shock and renal Failure. 6- D.M

* Thank you2015