Senile calcific aortic stenosis
An aortic valve need not be bicuspid to calcify. Sometimes in older adults, a normal tricuspid aortic valve will undergo calcification, a so-called "senile calcific aortic stenosis." Nodules of calcification are seen on the cusps here.Normal
Calcific bicuspid aortic valve
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Most bicuspid valves are prone to calcification. The dense white nodules of calcification are present on either valve surface. The valve here has been opened with the aortic outflow above and the left ventricular myocardium below.Floppy mitral valve
Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve. Long axis of left ventricle demonstrating hooding with prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium (arrow). The left ventricle is on the right in this apical four-chamber view.The essential histological change is attenuation of the fibrosa layer of the valve accompanied by focally marked thickening of the spongiosa layer with deposition of mucoid (myxomatous) material (center)
Floppy mitral valve