FOOT

dorsum of the foot

Extensor digitorum brevis muscle: originates at the calcaneus and divides into three muscle bellies whose tendons insert at the dorsal aponeurosis and the middle phalanges of the second to fourth toes.
Extensor hallucis brevis muscle

Artery of the dorsum of the foot

Dorsalis pedis artery Branches:
1- Lateral tarsal branch.
2- Medial tarsal branch
3- Arcuate artery
4-The first dorsal metatarsal artery.
5-Deep planter art.

Sole of the foot

Deep fascia (planter fascia)
Planter aponeurosis

compartments of the sole

first layer ( most superficial layers) contains 3 muscles: ,abductor hallucis ,flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) ,bductor digiti minimi



2nd layer contains 2 Muscles and 2 tendonand Neurovascular structures medial and lateral plantar arteries

3- 3rd layer contains 3 muscles

4th layer contains 2 muscles and 2 Tendons

Arteries of the sole of the foot

The medial planter artery
Lateral planter arteryThe planter arch :

The planter arch

It is formed from the lateral planter artery, the arch completed medially by its union with the deep planter branch of the dorsalis pedis artery. The arch gives:
four planter metatarsal s.
The proper digital artery to the lateral side of the little.
Each planter metatarsal artery gives perforating branches which passes through the interosseous space anastomosed with the corresponding branch of the dorsal metatarsal artery.
.gives off numerous muscular

The medial and lateral planter nerve

medial planter .n gives:
muscular branches
2- articular branches
3- planter cutaneous

The knee joint

It is a synovial joint of the hinge type, it is unstable joint but this overcome by certain mechanism:
1- expansion of the upper end of the tibia and lower end of the femur.
2- Presence of the strong collateral ligament and tendons.
3- Strong capsule.
4- Presence of the intra-articular ligaments.

Ankle joint

This is a hinge type of joint between the trochlea of the talus with the distal end of the tibia and medial malleolus medially and the lateral surface of the body of the talus with the lateral malleolus laterally




Ankle joint