
Mareb .H.Ahmed. Histology Department, Faculty Of Medicine

PNS
CNS
1. Autonomic (involuntary)
nervous system
2. Somatic (voluntary)
nervous system
Outside the CNS Nerves
extending
from brain & spinal cord
1) axonal processes
extending toward or away from
CNS (nerves Cranial nerves,
Spinal nerves)
2) ganglia (aggregations of nerve
cell bodies outside CNS)
Link all
regions
of the
body to
the CNS
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

C N S
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Structure of Neuron
I-Cell body (perikaryon)
II-Processes: Dendrites
+ Axon
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

According to number of processes
1-
Unipolar(
Pseudo-unipolar):
2-
Bipolar neurons
:
3-
Multipolar
(motor)
:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

1– Meninges:
Three covering membranes
surround brain & spinal cord:
i– Outer dura mater
ii– Middle arachnoid mater
iii– Innermost pia mater
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

The meninges of spinal cord
Spinal dura mater
Spinal arachnoid mater
Spinal pia mater
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Inferior End of
Spinal Cord
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Spinal
segment
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

1. posterior horn
2. anterior horn
3. intermediate gray
4. lateral horn
5. posterior column
(funiculus)
6. anterior funiculus
7. lateral funiculus
8. Lissauer's tract
9
. anterior median
fissure
10. posterior median
sulcus
11. anterolateral
sulcus
12. posterolateral
sulcus
13. Posterior
intermediate sulcus
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

The Central Nervous System (CNS )
Major landmarks of the Central Nervous System
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex:
[grey matter]
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

1-Outer molecular layer
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

3-Inner granular layer
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

CEREBRUM
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

CEREBRUM
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

White Matter in Brain
• Pathways, tracts and commissures
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

According to the morphology 5 types of nerve cells
present in the cortex:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

6-
Multiform cell layer ( Polymorphic cell layer):
5- Internal pyramidal layer
4- Internal granular layer
3- External pyramidal layer
2- External granular layer
1-Molecular layer
Histological structure of cerebral cortex
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

Types of Glial Cells in the CNS
• there are 4 types of supporting cells:
• Astrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal Cells
• Oligodendrocytes
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

1-Astrocytes
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

a. fibrous astrocytes
b. Protoplasmic astrocytes:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

2- Ependymal cells
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

3-Oligodendrocytes
4-Microglia
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016

.
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016