Mareb .H.Ahmed. Histology Department, Faculty Of Medicine
PNS
CNS
1. Autonomic (involuntary)
nervous system
2. Somatic (voluntary)
nervous system
Outside the CNS Nerves
extending
from brain & spinal cord
1) axonal processes
extending toward or away from
CNS (nerves Cranial nerves,
Spinal nerves)
2) ganglia (aggregations of nerve
cell bodies outside CNS)
Link all
regions
of the
body to
the CNS
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
C N S
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
Structure of Neuron
I-Cell body (perikaryon)
II-Processes: Dendrites
+ Axon
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
According to number of processes
1-
Unipolar(
Pseudo-unipolar):
2-
Bipolar neurons
:
3-
Multipolar
(motor)
:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
1– Meninges:
Three covering membranes
surround brain & spinal cord:
i– Outer dura mater
ii– Middle arachnoid mater
iii– Innermost pia mater
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
The meninges of spinal cord
Spinal dura mater
Spinal arachnoid mater
Spinal pia mater
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
Inferior End of
Spinal Cord
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Spinal
segment
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Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
1. posterior horn
2. anterior horn
3. intermediate gray
4. lateral horn
5. posterior column
(funiculus)
6. anterior funiculus
7. lateral funiculus
8. Lissauer's tract
9
. anterior median
fissure
10. posterior median
sulcus
11. anterolateral
sulcus
12. posterolateral
sulcus
13. Posterior
intermediate sulcus
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
The Central Nervous System (CNS )
Major landmarks of the Central Nervous System
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
Cerebellum
Cerebellar cortex:
[grey matter]
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1-Outer molecular layer
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3-Inner granular layer
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Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
CEREBRUM
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CEREBRUM
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White Matter in Brain
• Pathways, tracts and commissures
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According to the morphology 5 types of nerve cells
present in the cortex:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
6-
Multiform cell layer ( Polymorphic cell layer):
5- Internal pyramidal layer
4- Internal granular layer
3- External pyramidal layer
2- External granular layer
1-Molecular layer
Histological structure of cerebral cortex
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
Types of Glial Cells in the CNS
• there are 4 types of supporting cells:
• Astrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal Cells
• Oligodendrocytes
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1-Astrocytes
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a. fibrous astrocytes
b. Protoplasmic astrocytes:
Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
2- Ependymal cells
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3-Oligodendrocytes
4-Microglia
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Dr Mareb. H Ahmed 2016
