Questions Sample

Write the mechanism of action of the following drugs

azithromycin, erythromycin

tetracycline,doxicycline

metronidazole

telithromycin

macrolides (gentamicin, amikacin)

Trimethoprim

Carbapenems

statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin,…)

Vancomycin


Meropenem

Lisinopril

Biguanides (Metformin)

Clindamycin

Ampicillin

Ketoprofen

Meloxicam

Celecoxib

Allopurinol

Fill in the blanks:

The primary bacterial coverage of amikacin is (Gr-) ………….. , and very little (Gr+) ……………. bacteria


………………… and ……………… bind to 50S ribosomal subunit, however ………………… binds to 30S ribosomal subunit to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

…………………..is a drug that structurally related to macrolides and has activity against resistant strains.

Tetracycline has antibacterial GR- coverage against ……………… and GR+ coverage against……...... , anaerobs such as ………………. and atypicals such as ……………… microorganisms.

Drugs that interact with sulfamethoxazol are …………….., ………………… and…………….

…………………… is indicated for skin and soft tissue infections.

…………………… are drug group that have post antibiotic effect against Gram – bacteria.

insulin stimulates storage of glucose in liver as ………….. and in adipose tissues as ……….. and storage of amino acids in muscle as ……………

Conversion of ……………….. to glucose and glucose to ……………. occur mainly in liver.

…………………stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells which cause depolarisation by reducing conductance of ATP sensitive K+ channels.

Stage …………………… anesthesia: Regular respiration and relaxation of the skeletal muscles occur in this stage.

Stage …………………..: Severe depression of the respiratory and vasomotor centers occur during this stage


opioids …………………. used for pain or ………………… used for i.v. to induce or maintain general anesthesia

In higher dose, ……………… depress the respiration. It depresses the sensitivity of respiratory centre to CO2.

………………….. is drug of choice for the treatment of grandmal epilepsy

β2 present in …………………………… and in …………………………..

β1 Agonist drug is……………… and antagonist is……………………….

…………………………is used as a nasal decongestant in allergic rhinitis and as an ocular decongestant in allergic conjunctivitis

…………………………….. route of administration, like that of IM injection, requires absorption and is somehow slower than the IV route

Phase I reactions include ………………., ………………. and ……………… reactions

Probenecid or Sulfinpyrazone is more effective in those patients with gout secondary to impaired renal excretion of uric acid

Only Paracetamol is regarded as being safe & well tolerated during pregnancy

Aspirin should be avoided in children, instead give acetaminophen to reduce fever


Low dose of aspirin 75 mg daily are used to prophylactically to decrease incidence of transient ischemic attacks & stroke

Write the drug that is indicated for community acquired pneumonia.

Write the adverse effects of aminoglycosides (AMG) at high concentrations

Write the types of cholinergic receptors and explain them

Write the mechanism of action of penicillins

What is drug resistance? Classify the types of drug resistance

Write names of the therapeutic Uses of Non-Selective β- blockers

What are the 3 reasons of drug resistance?

What are the therapeutic uses of aspirin?

What are the therapeutic uses of paracetamol?

Answer True (T) or False(F) for the following questions


All β-lactam antibiotics interfere with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan ( )

Production of B-lactamase is a major cause of infection ( )

Physostigmine can cross BBB ( )

Blockade of alpha1 receptors in bladder smooth mm results in relaxation and decrease resistance to urine flow ( )

Penicillins inhibit protein synthesis of the bacteria ( )

The B-lactam drugs are bacteriostatic and relatively non-toxic to human cells ( )

Resistance can be due to lack of membrane penetration ( )

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin are types of Anti-Pseudomonal PCNs ( )

Selective B2 blockers helpful in asthma clients ( )

Amphetamine reduces focus and wakefulness ( )

Agonists have only the affinity but no intrinsic activity ( )

Production of B-lactamase is a major cause of infection ( )

ACE inhibitors are used for HT and congestive heart failure treatment ( )

Ketolide activity are same as macrolide but has activity against resistant strains ( )

Tetracycline inhibit a step in bacterial folic acid synthesis ( )

Blockade of alpha1 receptors in bladder smooth mm results in relaxation and decrease resistance to urine flow ( )

Efficacy is the minimum response produced by drug ( )

Antagonist prevents the action of an agonist on a receptor,and has also effect of its own ( )

Class I drugs are the drugs which given in doses that greatly exceed the number of albumin binding sites ( )

After absorption drugs can spontaneously changed into other substances because of appropriate pH of body fluids ( )

Unabsorbable drugs and drugs which are excreted through bile or saliva may be excreted through lungs ( )

Acidic drugs binding saturation percent in therapeutic concentration is between 50-60 % ( )


When a wide effect is needed in drug administration for increasing the effect of the drug, absorption should be avoided ( )

In uremia, drug bind to albumin decreases ( )

Biochemistry is the production of drugs or other useful products by biological means ( )

In menengitis the permeability of drugs through BBB increases but this is not a desired case ( )

Therapeutic Index is the measure of efficacy ( )

Iatrogenic (Drug induced diseases): Caused by drugs and persists after drug withdrawal ( )

Acidic drugs binding saturation percent in therapeutic concentration is between 50-60 % ( )

Drugs that bind to the α1-acid glycoprotein are generally base form ( )

In uremia, drug bind to albumin increases ( )

Pharmacogenomics is identification and preparation of drugs from natural sources ( )

Side effects of drug is production of other effects rather than original effects ( )


Inactivation after the absorption (First pass effect) is one of the advantages of oral administration of drugs ( )

Absorption is the transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream ( )

The absorption rate increases with increasing the MW & lipophilicity of the drug ( )

Enzymes, like receptors; are protein macromolecules which subtrates interact to produce activation or inhibition ( )

Digoxin stimulates Na+/K+ exchange inside the cell ( )

Angina pectoris is not a symptom of ischaemic heart disease ( )

LDL is protective lipoprotein because it facilitates removal of cholesterol from tissues ( )

Write the types of adrenergic receptors and explain them

Write the types of Macrolide antibiotics with their mechanism of action

Write the drug names of the first generation of Cephalosporins with mentionning their mechanism of action

What are the types of hypertension and the aims in the treatment?

What is prostaglandin? Write the names of prostaglandin analogues

Write the mechanism of action of Aspirin and its therapeutical uses

Explains that factors that affect drug distribution

What are phase I and Phase II reactions and how do they affect drug metabolism?

What are the organs that drug excretion take place? Write their names

Define the followings:

Contraindication

Drug absorption

Exocytosis

Bioequivalence

Therapeutic equivalence


Intrahepatic circulation

Histamin

Prostaglandin

Pharmacognosy

Pharmacotherapeutics

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Minimum bactericidal concentration

Selective toxicitiy

Drug resistance

What are the advantages of administrating drugs sublingually?

What is the effect of pH on drug forms and how do this affect drug absorption and its relation with the pKa?


Write a drug name that is used for the treatment of recurrent gout

Write a drug name used for motion sickness

Write the adverse effects of statins

What are the factors that affect drug metabolism ?

What is the difference between synergism and antagonism?

Write the drug names of the first generation of Cephalosporins with mentionning their mechanism of action

What are the advantages of HDL Cholesterole?

Write the name of one drug related with each one of the following:

Loop Diuretics:

1st, 2nd, 3rd , 4th generation Cephalosporin:

AT-1 receptor blocker:

Potassium channel blocker:

COX-2 inhibitor:

5-HT Histamin antagonist:

PGE1 analogue:

2nd generation sulfonylurea:

ACE inhibitor

B2 agonist

B1 antagonist

Calcium channel blocker

Vasodilator

Alfa blocker


Potassium sparing diuretic

Fibric acid derivative

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

Select the correct answer for the following questions

The over dosage or prolonged use of drugs cause

Toxic effects

Allergic reactions

Adverse drug reactions

Idosyncrazy

The 4th generation of cephalosporin drug that maintains an excellent gram + and gram– activity is


Ceftriaxone

Cefepime

Cefazoline

Cephalexine

Bacteriostatic drug function is

Killing the bacterial cell

Inhibition of bacterial growth

maximal suppression of organism is maintained as long as antibiotic concentration remains above the MIC

None of the above

Which one of the following is characteristic of parasympathetic stimulation?

Decrease in intestinal motility.

Inhibition of bronchial secretion

Contraction of sphincter muscle in the iris of the eye (miosis).

Contraction of sphincter of urinary bladder.

Increase in heart rate.

A heroin addict has entered a rehabilitation program that requires that she take methadone. Methadone is effective in this situation because it:

Is an antagonist at the morphine receptors.

Has less potent analgesic activity than heroin.

Is longer acting than heroin; hence, the withdrawal is milder than with the latter drug.

Is nonaddictive

Which of the following statements about morphine is correct?

It is used therapeutically to relieve pain caused by severe head injury.


Its withdrawal symptoms can be relieved by naloxone.

It rapidly enters all body tissues, including the fetus

It causes diarrhea.

In which one of the following conditions would aspirin be contraindicated?

Fever

Peptic ulcer

RA

Unstable angina

Which one of the following statements concerning COX-2 inhibitors is correct?

COX-2 inhibitors show greater analgesic activity than traditional NSAIDs.

COX-2 inhibitors decrease platelet function.


COX-2 inhibitors do not affect the kidney.

COX-2 inhibitors show anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of the traditional NSAIDs.

Which antibiotic is effective on MRSA ?

Vancomycin

Amoxicillin

Tetracyclin

Imepenem

Which of the following drug is not active against anaerobs?

Cefepime

Cefuroxime

Cefotetan

Imepenem

Which drug of the following is the best choice for penicillin allergic patients?

Tetracycline

Ceftriaxone

Amoxiclave

Cefepime

Regarding antihistaminic action of drugs on central nervous system

Diphenhydramine, is potent antisedatif and is often accompanied by ability to concentrate.

astemizole are claimed to have little or no sedative action

Promethazine is claimed to have little autonomic and CNS blocking effects

Loratadine is promoted as an antiserotonin agent


Fentanyl is

The least effective opioid analgesic

Has only oral administration

Has 50 times the analgesic potency of morphine and 50 times the analgesic potency of hydromorphone

Therapeutically used for anesthesia

The symptom of ischaemic heart disease that develops as a result of an imbalance between the oxygen supply and oxygen demand of the myocardium is

Myocardial infarction

Angina pectoris

Hypertention

None of the above

Verapamil and deltiazem are:

ACE inhibitor used for hypertention

A Calcium channel blocker beneficial in the treatment of angina pectoris

Angiotensin receptor antagonist

Adrenergic blocker

Which one of the following is a class III antiarrhythmic agent?

Propranolol

Atenolol

Diltiazem

Amiodarone

XXI. In type I diabetes

a) The age of onset is usually over 35


b) Obesity could be the cause

c) Genetic predisposition is moderate

d) All the above

XXII. Alfa-glucosidase inhibitors action is

a) acts by competitively inhibiting pancreatic alphaamylase

b) delays carbohydrate digestion

c) Prolongs digestion time and reduces the rate of glucose absorption t

d) All the above

Local drug administration

Used when a superfacial effect is needed and to increase the effect of the drug, absorption should be avoided

Applied if the drug absorption needs to be fast and complete

Is the most commonly used route of administration

Helps for maintenance of therapeutic effect for longer time

If the biliary excreted the drug is reabsorbed again from intestine, the phenomena is called

First pass effect

Absorption

Adsorption

Intrahepatic circulation

Increasing in the intensity of drugs that are activated by metabolism is induced by

Metabolism

Enzyme induction

Enzyme inhibition


Oxidation

What term is used to describe a more gradual decrease in responsiveness to a drug, taking days or weeks to develop?

a) Refractoriness

b) Cumulative effect

c) Tolerance

d) Resistance

Drugs act by antagonize or inhibit

Ion channels

Enzyme inhibition

Enzyme induction

All the above

Enzyme inhibition is :

Decrease intensity and duration of action of drugs that inactivated by metabolism

Increase the synthesis of microsomal enzyme proteins

A drug may inhibit metabolism of other drugs if it utilizes the same enzyme

A drug may activate metabolism of other drugs

Rectal administration of drugs

Gives predictable blood levels

Has the additional advantage of preventing the destruction of the drug by intestinal enzymes

None undergoes first pass metabolism

Has the fastest effect

Drug excretion via biliary system is affected by

Drugs which are metabolized by oxidation

Presence of lipid soluble compounds

Presence of polar compounds

Body weight

Which agent is a selective ergot alkaloid

Metergoline

Pizotifen

Fexofenadine

Ibuprofen

Has anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic effect

Is an acetic acid derivative NSAID


Is a selective COX inhibitor & thus inhibits synthesis of PG