Sterilization A process that destroy all form of microbial life including bacteria, virus, fungus and spores.
2-Ethylene oxide: A penetrative non corrosive gas used to sterilizes heat and moist sensitive substance. 3-Irradiation:Using gamma ray to sterilize syringes, catheters, cannulas and other plastic tubes and heat sensitive objects. 4- Peracitec acid: chemical agent cause protein denaturation suitable for endoscopes.
1- Povidone iodine: Can be used to disinfect skin before operation and to clean infected wounds and ulcers. Side effects: allergy, metabolic acidosis, interfere with thyroid function test, not recommended in pregnancy, not used inside abdominal cavities. 2- Chlorhixidine: Effective against gram positive MO. Can be used to disinfect skin before operation and to clean infected wounds und ulcers. 3- Alcohol: 70% used as disinfectant to prepare skin for operation, not used for wound or ulcer. 4- Hydrogen peroxide: Week disinfectant help to flush out depress from cavities by mechanical action.
1) At patient level 1- Avoid prolonged preoperative hospital stay. 2- Control any source of infection if possible. 3- Control DM, uremia, anemia, malnutrition, electrolyte disturbance. 4-Preoperative bathing. 5-Stop smoking. 5- Avoid shaving the area of operation, if this is mandatory it should be on the table. 6- Prophylactic antibiotic. 7-Early post operative mobilization and exercise.
2) At staff level 1-Staff with focus of infection should not deal with patients. 2-Decrease number of staff in the operative theatre with less movement as possible. 3-Warring of special clothes and gowns. 4- Using the head caps , face mask and boots. 5- Hand washing. 6- Warring sterile gloves during surgical procedure and usual gloves when dealing with infective focus.
3) At operative theatre level 1- The operative theatre design and building. 2- The ventilation system. 3- The table and light source. 4-Anesthetic machines and equipments. 5-Suckers and electro-cauterization devices. 6- Surgical instruments.
4) At surgical word and medical devices level 1- Surgical word devices including: beds, mattresses, pillows, urinals and surgical truly. 2-Reception and examination rooms. 3- Canula, IV set line, drains, tubes and blood transfusion sets. 4- The visitors.