General examination
New version (25-12-2014)Examination of the Face
Facial expression
• Sad
• Depressed• Anxious
• Angry
• ….
Special faces
1-Cushing syndrome
Special faces
2- Acromegaly
Special faces
3- thyrotoxicosis
Special faces
4- Myxoedema
Special faces
5- facial nerve palsy
Special faces
6- parotid swelling ( mumps )
Special faces
7- SLE
Facial Skin color
1- pallor
Facial Skin color
2- jaundice
Facial Skin color
3- plethoric face
Facial Skin color
4- Earthy pale complexion
Facial Skin color
5- pigmentations
Facial Skin color
6- malar flush
Eye examination
1- Anemia
Eye examination
2- polycythemia
Eye examination
3- jaundice
Eye examination
4- Puffiness
Eye examination
5- Xanthelasma
Eye examination
6- Corneal arcus
Eye examination
7- subconjuctival hemorrhage
Eye examination
8- periorbital edema
Eye examination
9- Digital photographs of the conjunctiva
Hair examination
1- Coarse dry lusterless ( in hypothyroidism )
Hair examination
2- alopecia
lips examination
1- cyanotic lip
lips examination
2- herpes labialis
lips examination
3- angular stomatitis
lips examination
4- ulcer
lips examination
5- tattooing
Gums examination
1- Gingivitis
Gums examination
2- Gingival hypertrophy
Teeth examination
1- Dental caries
Teeth examination
2- teeth loss
Teeth examination
3- dentures
Tongue examination
1- Glossitis
Tongue examination
2- pale ( in anemia )
Tongue examination
3- yellow ( in jaundice )
Tongue examination
4- central cyanosis
Tongue examination
5- dry tongue
Tongue examination
6- Furred tongue
Tongue examination
7- smooth tongue
Tongue examination
8- Geographical tongue
Tongue examination
9- Tumor Nodule
Buccal mucosa examination
1- Thrush
Buccal mucosa examination
2- aphthus ulcer
Buccal mucosa examination
3- Petechial hemorrhage
Buccal mucosa examination
4- pigmentations
Buccal mucosa examination
5- Pallor
Tonsil and pharynx examination
1- Tonsillitis
Tonsil and pharynx examination
2- enlargement of tonsils
Tonsil and pharynx examination
3- post nasal discharge
Tonsil and pharynx examination
4- pharyngitis
Examination of the Neck
L.N examination
L.N examination
Thyroid examination ( Goiter )
Examination of the Hand
Joints examination
1- deformity
Joints examination
2- swelling
Muscle examination
1- atrophy
Muscle examination
2- carpal tunnel syndrome
Muscle examination
3- claw hands
Color examination
1- cyanosis
Color examination
2- anemia
Skin lesions
1- petechiae
Skin lesions
2- purpura
Skin lesions
3- Ecchymosis
Skin lesions
4- hematoma
Skin lesions
5- spider nevi
Skin lesions
6- Palmer erythema
Skin turgor
Causes:
• Decreased fluid intake
• Dehydration• Diarrhea
• Diabetes
• Extreme weight loss
• Heat stroke
• Vomiting
Nails examination
1- Clubbing of fingers
Nails examination
2- leukonychia
Nails examination
3- Koilonychias
Nails examination
4- Onycholysis
Tremor examination
• Rest tremor
• Intention tremor• Flapping tremor
• Tremor of outstretched hand
Examination of the Leg
Deformities and amputation
Edema examination
Ischemia examination
• Pallor
• Cyanosis• Ulcerations
• Gangrene
• Loss of pulses
• Hairless shiny skin
Diabetic foot
Blood spots of the foot
Vital Signs
1-Temperatureoral temperature 33.2-38.2 C
rectal temperature 34.4-37.8 C
Tympanic temperature 35.4- 37.8 CAxillary temperature 35.5-37.0 C
2-Pulse
A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats a minute.
When you feel the pulse, count the number of beats in 15 seconds. Multiply this number by 4 to calculate the pulse ( beats per minute ).3- Blood Pressure
Blood PressureCategorySystolicmm Hg (upper #)
Diastolicmm Hg (lower #)
Normal
less than 120
and
less than 80
Prehypertension
120 – 139
or
80 – 89
High Blood Pressure(Hypertension) Stage 1
140 – 159
or
90 – 99
High Blood Pressure(Hypertension) Stage 2
160 or higher
or
100 or higher
Hypertensive Crisis(Emergency care needed)
Higher than 180
or
Higher than 110
4- Respiratory rate
Recorded as breaths per minute. They should be counted for 30 seconds multiplied by 2 or 15 seconds multiplied by 4Normal is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute.
