الخرائط الطبوغرافية

           ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

           ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

E 

E 

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–

 

Learning courses

Learning courses

  اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

Topographic Maps 

Topographic Maps 

أ

أ

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د

د

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 ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ

 ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ

   ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ

   ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ

-

-

  هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ

  هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ

٢

٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت

اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

     

     

:

:

       ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

       ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

      اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

      اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

     

     

:

:

 

 

 اﻟ

 اﻟ

  ﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

  ﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

  اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 

 

       اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

       اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

     

     

:

:

 

 

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟ

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟ

 ﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

 ﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

   واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

   واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

 

 

           اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

           اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

:

:

  ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

  ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

  اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 

 

         اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

         اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ

:

:

    ﻣﻈﺎهﺮ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ

    ﻣﻈﺎهﺮ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻰ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻰ

 

 

         اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

         اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس

 :

 :

       اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

       اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

          اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ

          اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ

 :

 :

      ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻔﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

      ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻔﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

٣

٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول

     ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

     ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

٤

٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    ﻧﺒﺬة ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    ﻧﺒﺬة ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

 :

 :

        أول ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب

        أول ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب

 آﺎن

 آﺎن

     اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﻴﻦ

     اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻠﻴﻴﻦ

    ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ

    ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ

    واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻴﻦ

    واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻴﻦ

       ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ

       ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ

     ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷراﺿﻰ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ

     ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷراﺿﻰ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ

      ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ

      ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ

و

و

         اﻋﺘﻤﺪوا ﻓﻰ دﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت واﻟﻔﻠﻚ

         اﻋﺘﻤﺪوا ﻓﻰ دﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت واﻟﻔﻠﻚ

.

.

 وﺗﻌﺮف

 وﺗﻌﺮف

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ

  ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ

     هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ

     هﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻻﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ

 ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ

 ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ

 .

 .

   ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

   ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

  :

  :

 

 

    ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

 .

 .

   واﻷﺳﺎس ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

   واﻷﺳﺎس ﻓﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

:

:

١

١

-

-

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

) 

) 

  ﺻﻐﻴﺮ

  ﺻﻐﻴﺮ

–

–

  ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ

  ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ

–

–

 آﺒﻴﺮ

 آﺒﻴﺮ

(

(

٢

٢

-

-

  

  

 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن أو ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن أو ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

) 

) 

ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ

ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ

  

  

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻼﺣﻴﺔ

 ﻣﻼﺣﻴﺔ

 

 

–

–

 

 

ﺗﺮﺑﺔ

ﺗﺮﺑﺔ

 

 

-

-

  

  

ﻣﻨﺎخ

ﻣﻨﺎخ

 

 

–

–

 

 

  اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ

  اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ

 

 

–

–

 

 

زراﻋﻴﺔ

زراﻋﻴﺔ

 

 

-

-

 

 

 ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

 ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

-

-

 

 

 ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ

 ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ

–

–

 

 

 ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ

 ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ

 

 

–

–

 

 

 اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ

 اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ

ﺔ

ﺔ

-

-

(.......  

(.......  

.

.

٥

٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

                         أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ إدﺧﺎل وإﺧﺮاج اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت

                         أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ إدﺧﺎل وإﺧﺮاج اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﻴﺔ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﻴﺔ

: 

: 

     هﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ

     هﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ

    ﺑﺎﻷدوات اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ

    ﺑﺎﻷدوات اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ

    ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

    ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

 ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ورﻗﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ

 ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ورﻗﻴﺔ وهﻰ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ

  واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ

  واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ

.

.

     اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ

     اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ

 :

 :

     هﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ  ﻓﻴﻬﺎ

     هﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ  ﻓﻴﻬﺎ

      إدﺧﺎل ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت

      إدﺧﺎل ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

      اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

      اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

  هﻴﺌﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت أو ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ وﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﺼﻮرﻩ

  هﻴﺌﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت أو ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ وﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﺑﺼﻮرﻩ

         رﻗﻤﻴﺔ إﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ أﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻰ أو ﻓﻰ اﻗﺮاص اﻟﺤﻔﻆ

         رﻗﻤﻴﺔ إﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ أﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻰ أو ﻓﻰ اﻗﺮاص اﻟﺤﻔﻆ

 .

 .

  وﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ

  وﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ

     ﻃﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ورﻗﻴﺔ

     ﻃﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ورﻗﻴﺔ

.

.

٦

٦

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

        ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

        ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

١

١

-

-

 

 

  ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر

  ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر

)  

)  

            اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ

            اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ

(

(

٢

٢

-

-

  

  

     ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻰ اﻷرض

     ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻰ اﻷرض

٣

٣

-

-

 

 

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ

 ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل

 ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل

  اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ

  اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ

 اﻟﺠﻮي

 اﻟﺠﻮي

٤

٤

-

-

 

 

      ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ

      ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ

٥

٥

-

-

 

 

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ واﻟﻨﺸﺮ

٦

٦

-

-

 

 

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ

    ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ

 

 

  واﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ

  واﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ

٧

٧

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

       اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

       اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ

     اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

     اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

 

 

    اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 

 

٨

٨

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

اﻟ

اﻟ

    ﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

    ﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت

      اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

      اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 

 

Main components of Map

Main components of Map

١

١

-

-

 

 

  ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

٢

٢

-

-

        اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

        اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

)

)

    ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

    ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

(

(

٣

٣

-

-

  اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

  اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

    اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

    اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

٤

٤

-

-

      إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

      إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

٥

٥

-

-

  ﻣﻔﺘﺎح أو

  ﻣﻔﺘﺎح أو

  رﻣﻮز اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  رﻣﻮز اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

٦

٦

-

-

      دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء

      دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء

٧

٧

-

-

           دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

           دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

٨

٨

-

-

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 

 

٩

٩

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

-

-

           ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

           ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

Map Title

Map Title

      اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ

      اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ

      ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺬى ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻪ

      ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺬى ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻪ

  ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء

  ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء

  اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

   أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ

   أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ

    اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

    اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

         ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ

         ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ

  )

  )

ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ

ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ

 ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ

-

-

  ﻗﺮﻳﺔ

  ﻗﺮﻳﺔ

–

–

  ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

  ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

(

(

 ا

 ا

 ﻟﺘﻰ

 ﻟﺘﻰ

 ﺗﻐﻄﻴ

 ﺗﻐﻄﻴ

ﻬﺎ

ﻬﺎ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

 

 

-

-

 

 

 ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن

 ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن

  ﺑﺎرزا ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ

  ﺑﺎرزا ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ

   ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﻂ و

   ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﻂ و

  اﻟﺤﺠﻢ

  اﻟﺤﺠﻢ

.

.

-

-

  ﻳﺠﺐ أن

  ﻳﺠﺐ أن

     ﻳﺘﻼءم ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

     ﻳﺘﻼءم ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

-

-

   ﻋﺎدة

   ﻋﺎدة

       ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

       ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻰ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 .

 .

٠١

٠١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

     ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

     ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

١١

١١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٢

٢

-

-

         اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ

         اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ

 )

 )

            ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

            ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

 (

 (

 

 

Map Grid (Longitude and Latitude)

Map Grid (Longitude and Latitude)

-

-

            ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط رأﺳﻴﺔ وأﺧﺮى أﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ

            ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط رأﺳﻴﺔ وأﺧﺮى أﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ

 ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل

 ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل

)

)

        اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻰ

        اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻰ

  اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻰ

  اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻰ

 (

 (

    ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

    ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

)

)

       اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ

       اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ

 (

 (

 وذﻟﻚ

 وذﻟﻚ

ﺑ

ﺑ

   ﻨﻈﺎم

   ﻨﻈﺎم

      اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

      اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

.

.

 

 

-

-

     ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ

     ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل واﻟﻌﺮض ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ

 ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ

 ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

      اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

   ﻓﻰ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ

   ﻓﻰ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ

   اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ

   اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

 ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ

 ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ

    اﻟﻄﺮق و

    اﻟﻄﺮق و

    اﻟﺤﺪود اﻹدارﻳﺔ و اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ

    اﻟﺤﺪود اﻹدارﻳﺔ و اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ

  ﻓﻰ

  ﻓﻰ

             اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

             اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

٢١

٢١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

         رﺳﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ

         رﺳﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل ودواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ

اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة

٣١

٣١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٣

٣

-

-

   اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

   اﺗﺠﺎﻩ

     اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

     اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

 

 

North Direction

North Direction

-

-

 

 

      ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

      ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

  ا

  ا

    ﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ

    ﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ

)

)

   اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

   اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

    اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ

    اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ

(

(

          واﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ

          واﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

 

 

   ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

   ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

 

 

ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺳﻬﻤﺎن

ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺳﻬﻤﺎن

:

:

 

 

    ،اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ

    ،اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ

 

 

و

و

  اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

  اﻟﺸﻤﺎل

     اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

     اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

         واﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ

         واﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ

.

.

 

 

-

-

 

 

      اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓ

      اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓ

  ﻰ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻪ

  ﻰ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻪ

 ﺧﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻢ

 ﺧﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻢ

 

 

و

و

      اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

      اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

       آﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ،ﻢﻬﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ

       آﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ،ﻢﻬﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ

 

 

    زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

    زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

)

)

     اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ

     اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ

(

(

.

.

-

-

 

 

    ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

  ﻋﺎدة

  ﻋﺎدة

         ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ

         ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ

.

.

 

 

٤١

٤١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ﻣﺜﺎل

 ﻣﺜﺎل

 ﻹﺗﺠﺎﻩ

 ﻹﺗﺠﺎﻩ

          اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ واﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

          اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ واﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

٥١

٥١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٤

٤

-

-

           إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

           إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 

 

Map Frame and Colors

Map Frame and Colors

 

 

٤

٤

-

-

  ا

  ا

-

-

     إﻃﺎر اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

     إﻃﺎر اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

:

:

-

-

 

 

            ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ داﺧﻞ إﻃﺎرات ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن

            ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ داﺧﻞ إﻃﺎرات ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن

 ﻣﻦ

 ﻣﻦ

 ﺧﻂ واﺣﺪ

 ﺧﻂ واﺣﺪ

   ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ أو

   ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ أو

  ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﻴﻦ

  ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﻴﻦ

 .

 .

-

-

   ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﺎر

   ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﺎر

       أرﻗﺎم ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل و دواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

       أرﻗﺎم ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻄﻮل و دواﺋﺮ اﻟﻌﺮض

.

.

-

-

   ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻹﻃﺎر ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺎ

   ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻹﻃﺎر ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺎ

 )

 )

 ﻏﻴﺮ

 ﻏﻴﺮ

   ﻣﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ

   ﻣﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ

  أو ﻣﺰرآﺶ

  أو ﻣﺰرآﺶ

 (

 (

 ﺣﺘﻰ

 ﺣﺘﻰ

 

 

     ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻮح ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

     ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻮح ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

 

 

٦١

٦١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

  “

  “

          إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

          إﻃﺎر وأﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

٤

٤

-

-

  ب

  ب

-

-

      أﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

      أﻟﻮان اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 :

 :

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺳﻮد

   :  

   :  

    ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ

    ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ

 )

 )

  ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن

  ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن

Man made 

Man made 

 (

 (

   ﻣﺜﻞ

   ﻣﺜﻞ

                  اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ وﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻠﻮن أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻰ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ

                  اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ وﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻠﻮن أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻰ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ

    ﻋﻨﻮان

    ﻋﻨﻮان

       اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ وﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

       اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ وﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 .

 .

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒﻨﻰ

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒﻨﻰ

 : 

 : 

      ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط

 اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 

 

Contour Lines

Contour Lines

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق

 : 

 : 

        ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ

        ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ

Water features 

Water features 

    ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر

    ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر

      واﻷﻧﻬﺎر واﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮات واﻟﺘﺮع واﻟﻤﺼﺎرف

      واﻷﻧﻬﺎر واﻟﺒﺤﻴﺮات واﻟﺘﺮع واﻟﻤﺼﺎرف

 .

 .

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺧﻀﺮ

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺧﻀﺮ

 : 

 : 

      ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ

      ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ

Vegetation

Vegetation

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ

  اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ

  : 

  : 

    ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻈﺎهﺮ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرﻳﺔ

    ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻈﺎهﺮ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرﻳﺔ

 

 

Cultural features

Cultural features

 

 

    ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق

    ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق

                 اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ وﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺪن وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻠﻮن أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻰ رﺳﻢ

                 اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ وﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺪن وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻠﻮن أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻰ رﺳﻢ

      ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت

      ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت

     أﻟﻮان أﺧﺮى

     أﻟﻮان أﺧﺮى

   :

   :

            ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻟﻮان أﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ أى ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

            ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻟﻮان أﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ أى ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ

    أن ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    أن ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

٧١

٧١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

                 ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻺﻃﺎر واﻷﻟﻮان ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

                 ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻺﻃﺎر واﻷﻟﻮان ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 ﻻﺣﻆ ﺷﻜﻞ وﺳﻤﻚ اﻹﻃﺎر

٨١

٨١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٥

٥

-

-

           رﻣﻮز أو ﻣﻔﺘﺎح أو

           رﻣﻮز أو ﻣﻔﺘﺎح أو

  اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 

 

Map Legend (Symbols)

Map Legend (Symbols)

-

-

         ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ﻣﺼﻐﺮ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ

         ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ﻣﺼﻐﺮ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ

     اﻟﺮﻣﻮز و

     اﻟﺮﻣﻮز و

    اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت

    اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت

    اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ

    اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ

   رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

   رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

          وﻣﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎل رﻣﺰﻳﺔ أو أﻟﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

          وﻣﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎل رﻣﺰﻳﺔ أو أﻟﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ

.

.

-

-

  ﻋ

  ﻋ

        ﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أى رﻣﺰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ا

        ﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أى رﻣﺰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ا

   ﻟﺸﻜﻞ

   ﻟﺸﻜﻞ

     اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد

     اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد

 ال

 ال

    ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

   .

   .

-

-

     ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ

     ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ

     وﺣﺠﻤﻬ

     وﺣﺠﻤﻬ

ﺎ ﻓﻰ ا

ﺎ ﻓﻰ ا

  ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

 إﻃﺎر

 إﻃﺎر

      اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ إﻃﺎر اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

      اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ إﻃﺎر اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 .

 .

٩١

٩١

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

         ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ رﻣﻮز

         ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ رﻣﻮز

 ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ

 ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ

       ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

       ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

٠٢

٠٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٦

٦

-

-

               دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء

               دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ واﻷﺳﻤﺎء

 

 

Location and Place Names

Location and Place Names

 

 

 ﺗﻜﺘﺐ أﺳﻤﺎء

 ﺗﻜﺘﺐ أﺳﻤﺎء

 

 

       اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟ

       اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟ

   ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ

   ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ

)

)

   اﻟﺠﺒﺎل أو اﻷودﻳﺔ

   اﻟﺠﺒﺎل أو اﻷودﻳﺔ

 (.... 

 (.... 

      أو ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

      أو ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

)

)

  اﻟ

  اﻟ

 ﻄﺮق

 ﻄﺮق

      أو اﻟﻤﺪن أو اﻟﻘﺮى

      أو اﻟﻤﺪن أو اﻟﻘﺮى

..

..

..

..

(

(

 اﻟﺦ

 اﻟﺦ

  .

  .

-

-

 

 

    ﺗﻜﺘﺐ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    ﺗﻜﺘﺐ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

          ﻋﺎدة أﻓﻘﻴﺎ وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟ

          ﻋﺎدة أﻓﻘﻴﺎ وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟ

  ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ

  ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ

     ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻞ

     ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﻞ

              اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

              اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

 

 

   ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق

   ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق

.

.

 

 

-

-

 ﺳ

 ﺳ

ﻤﻚ

ﻤﻚ

      اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ

      اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ

) 

) 

Font

Font

 (

 (

 ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ

 ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ

      ﻓﺎﺳﻢ؛ نﺎﻜﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤهأ

      ﻓﺎﺳﻢ؛ نﺎﻜﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤهأ

   اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ

   اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ

  ﻣﺜﻼ

  ﻣﺜﻼ

 ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﻤﻚ رﻓﻴﻊ

 ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﻤﻚ رﻓﻴﻊ

   ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﺳﻢ

   ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﺳﻢ

  

  

  اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

  اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

 

 

  ﺛﻢ

  ﺛﻢ

  اﺳﻢ

  اﺳﻢ

   اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

   اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

.

.

١٢

١٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

             ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

             ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    ﻻﺣﻆ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ

٢٢

٢٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٧

٧

-

-

                     دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

                     دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

 

 

Map index

Map index

-

-

              ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻬﺎ وذﻟﻚ

              ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻬﺎ وذﻟﻚ

        ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻓﻰ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ

        ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ﻓﻰ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ

       اﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ

٣٢

٣٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

    ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

    ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 

 

Map Scale

Map Scale

ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

  هﻮ

  هﻮ

   اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ

   اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ

            ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

            ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

       ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن آﺒﻴﺮا إذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ

       ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن آﺒﻴﺮا إذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ

           اﻟﻄﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻣﺎ

           اﻟﻄﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻣﺎ

ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ

ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺻﻐﻴﺮة

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺻﻐﻴﺮة

) 

) 

 ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ

 ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٥٢

٥٢

/

/

١

١

 

 

 ، 

 ، 

٠٠٥٢

٠٠٥٢

/

/

١

١

 

 

، 

، 

٠٠٥

٠٠٥

/

/

١

١

 ، 

 ، 

إﻟﻰ ان ﻧﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ

إﻟﻰ ان ﻧﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ

 

 

 

 

٠٠١

٠٠١

/

/

١

١

 

 

(

(

  و ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺻﻐﻴ

  و ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺻﻐﻴ

ﺮا

ﺮا

   إذا آﺎﻧﺖ

   إذا آﺎﻧﺖ

اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ

اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ

  ﺑﻴﻦ

  ﺑﻴﻦ

 

 

        اﻟﻄﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و

        اﻟﻄﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و

 ﻣﺎ

 ﻣﺎ

ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ

ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ

  ﻋﻠﻰ

  ﻋﻠﻰ

    ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

    ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

آﺒﻴﺮة

آﺒﻴﺮة

)

)

ﻣﻘ

ﻣﻘ

ﺎﻳﻴﺲ

ﺎﻳﻴﺲ

 

 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

/

/

١

١

 ، 

 ، 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٥٢

٠٠٥٢

/

/

١

١

 ، 

 ، 

٠٠٠٠٠٠٤

٠٠٠٠٠٠٤

/

/

١

١

 ، 

 ، 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠١

٠١

/

/

١

١

(

(

. 

. 

-

-

 

 

      ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ وﺑﻴﻦ آﺒﺮ أو ﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

      ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ وﺑﻴﻦ آﺒﺮ أو ﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 رﺳﻢ

 رﺳﻢ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

   اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  .

  .

٤٢

٤٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

١

١

-

-

  أ

  أ

    ﻧﻮاع

    ﻧﻮاع

      ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

      ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 ا

 ا

-

-

 

 

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻰ أو اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻰ أو اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

ب

ب

-

-

 

 

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺪدى

   اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺪدى

  ـﺟ

  ـﺟ

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺨﻄﻰ

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺨﻄﻰ

  د

  د

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

         اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ أو اﻟﻘﻄﺮى

         اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ أو اﻟﻘﻄﺮى

٥٢

٥٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

١

١

-

-

 ا

 ا

-

-

 

 

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻰ  أو اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

            اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻰ  أو اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

 

 

Verbal Scale

Verbal Scale

-

-

           ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

           ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

  ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

   ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و

   ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ و

        ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة آﻠﻤﺎت آﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ

        ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة آﻠﻤﺎت آﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

    ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ

    ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ

 

 

”

”

   ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ آﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ

   ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ آﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ

“

“

.

.

-

-

                 ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻟﺬا ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

                 ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻟﺬا ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ

       اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

       اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

  ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

  ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

  ﺧﻄﺄ

  ﺧﻄﺄ

 ﺑﻌﺪ

 ﺑﻌﺪ

          إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

          إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

 .

 .

-

-

       ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

       ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

  واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

  واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

.

.

٦٢

٦٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

١

١

-

-

 ب

 ب

-

-

 

 

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

    اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

    اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ

 

 

Scale

Scale

Representative fraction (RF)

Representative fraction (RF)

Ratio or

Ratio or

-

-

  ﻳﻜﺘﺐ

  ﻳﻜﺘﺐ

             ﻋﻠﻰ هﻴﺌﺔ آﺴﺮ ﻋﺪدى ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﺑﺴﻄﻪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ وﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺜﻞ

             ﻋﻠﻰ هﻴﺌﺔ آﺴﺮ ﻋﺪدى ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﺑﺴﻄﻪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ وﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺜﻞ

  

  

١

١

 :

 :

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

،

،

         أى آﻞ وﺣﺪة ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ

         أى آﻞ وﺣﺪة ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

      وﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ

      وﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ

 اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

 اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

.

.

 

 

-

-

      ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

      ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

 .

 .

-

-

           ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻟﺬا ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌ

           ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻟﺬا ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌ

 ﻤﻠﻴﺎت

 ﻤﻠﻴﺎت

 اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

 اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

  ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

  ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

     ﺧﻄﺄ

     ﺧﻄﺄ

ﺑ

ﺑ

    ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

    ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

 .

 .

-

-

      ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

      ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

 واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

 واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

.

.

٧٢

٧٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

١

١

-

-

  ـ ﺟ

  ـ ﺟ

-

-

  

  

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

              اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ

              اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ

 

 

Bar or Plain or Graphic Scale

Bar or Plain or Graphic Scale

-

-

         ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

         ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

-

-

 

 

     ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ

     ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ

 ﻓﻰ

 ﻓﻰ

       اﻟﻘﺮاءة و اﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ

       اﻟﻘﺮاءة و اﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ

   ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ

   ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ

    اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

    اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ

   ﻋﻠﻰ

   ﻋﻠﻰ

      اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﻧﻔﺴﻪ و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ

      اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﻧﻔﺴﻪ و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ

ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟ

ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟ

 ﻘﺮاءة

 ﻘﺮاءة

   اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

   اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ

 ،

 ،

  وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ

  وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ

 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

.

.

-

-

  

  

    ﻃﻮل

    ﻃﻮل

ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ا

ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ا

 ﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 ﻟﺮﺳﻢ

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

     ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ

     ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ

 ﻋﻠﻰ

 ﻋﻠﻰ

  ﻣﻘﺪار

  ﻣﻘﺪار

     ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

     ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

  اﻟ

  اﻟ

  ﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

  ﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

-

-

  ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

  ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

     ﺧﻄﺄ

     ﺧﻄﺄ

ﺑ

ﺑ

    ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

    ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

 .

 .

-

-

      ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

      ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد

 واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

 واﻹﻧﻜﻤﺎش

.

.

٨٢

٨٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

”

”

 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ

 “

 “

٨

٨

  

  

-

-

١

١

-

-

  ـ ﺟ

  ـ ﺟ

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

   اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

           اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ

           اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أو اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ

       ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

       ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

:

:

-

-

 

 

 ﻳﺼﻤﻢ

 ﻳﺼﻤﻢ

 ﻣﻦ

 ﻣﻦ

     ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ

     ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ

١

١

٠

٠

   ﻣﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أن

   ﻣﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أن

          ﺗﻠﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ وﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮد و ﺗﺘﺮك اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻴﻀﺎء و ذﻟﻚ

          ﺗﻠﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ وﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮد و ﺗﺘﺮك اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻴﻀﺎء و ذﻟﻚ

     ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة

     ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة

.

.

-

-

 

 

          ﺗﻜﺘﺐ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

          ﺗﻜﺘﺐ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

      ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ

      ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ

    ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

)

)

            ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس آﺒﻴﺮا

            ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس آﺒﻴﺮا

 او

 او

ﺑ

ﺑ

         ﺎﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ إذا آﺎن

         ﺎﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ إذا آﺎن

     اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺻﻐﻴﺮا

     اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺻﻐﻴﺮا

 

 

.(

.(

-

-

 

 

   ﻳﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻳﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

      ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪة ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻷﻳﻤﻦ

      ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪة ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻷﻳﻤﻦ

       ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء

       ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎس ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺟﺰاء

        ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎس

        ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎس

.

.

٩٢

٩٢

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

    أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

500

METERS

1000

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻃﻮﻟﻰ

   اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

      ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ

)

    ﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﺮ

 =  (

      ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ

\

    دﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

٠٣

٠٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

١

١

-

-

   د

   د

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

         اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ أو اﻟﻘﻄﺮى

         اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ أو اﻟﻘﻄﺮى

 

 

Diagonal scale

Diagonal scale

-

-

     هﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

     هﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻰ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة

 .

 .

-

-

      ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ا

      ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ا

  ﻟﺮﺳﻢ

  ﻟﺮﺳﻢ

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

  اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ

 ،

 ،

    وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ

    وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ

      ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ

      ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ

.

.

-

-

         ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

         ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ

.

.

 ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

 ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ

  ﺧﻄﺄ

  ﺧﻄﺄ

ﺑ

ﺑ

          ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

          ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ

.

.

-

-

       ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ

       ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ

:

:

 

 

      ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ

)

    ﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﺼﻔﺮ

 =  (

      ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ

\

    دﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

١٣

١٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

            ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ

            ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ

20

20

0

0

40

40

60

60

20

20

78

78

10

10

42

42

 ﻣﺜﺎل

 ﻣﺜﺎل

 :

 :

      ارﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس

      ارﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠١:١

٠٠٠١:١

   ﻳﻘﺮأ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ام

   ﻳﻘﺮأ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ام

.

.

     اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

     اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠١:١

٠٠٠١:١

 

 

 آﻞ

 آﻞ

١

١

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

 :

 :

 ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

 ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

ﺳﻢ

ﺳﻢ

 آﻞ

 آﻞ

١

١

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

 :

 :

 ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

 ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

٠١

٠١

 م

 م

 آﻞ

 آﻞ

٢

٢

 ﺳﻢ

 ﺳﻢ

 :

 :

 ﺗﻤﺜﻞ

 ﺗﻤﺜﻞ

٠٢

٠٢

 م

 م

-

-

  ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ آﻞ

  ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ آﻞ

٢

٢

 ﺳﻢ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

 ﺳﻢ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ

٠٢

٠٢

  م

  م

-

-

  اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻰ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ

  اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻰ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ

٠٢

٠٢

  ﻗﺴﻢ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ

  ﻗﺴﻢ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ

:

:

)

)

١

١

   ﻋﻤﻮد

   ﻋﻤﻮد

 *

 *

٠٢

٠٢

   ﺻﻒ أو

   ﺻﻒ أو

٢

٢

*

*

٠١

٠١

   أو

   أو

٤

٤

 *

 *

٥

٥

(

(

-

-

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺜﻼ

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺜﻼ

٢٤

٢٤

 ،

 ،

٨٧

٨٧

م

م

   آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ

   آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ

٢٣

٢٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

٢

٢

-

-

    ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ

    ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

    ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس

  اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

  اﻟﺮﺳﻢ

 ا

 ا

-

-

 

 

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

)

)

    اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ

    اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ

  (

  (

  وهﻰ

  وهﻰ

   ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  اﻟ

  اﻟ

 ﺮﺳﻢ

 ﺮﺳﻢ

  اﻟ

  اﻟ

  ﺼﻐﻴﺮ

  ﺼﻐﻴﺮ

 

 

ب

ب

-

-

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

 وهﻰ

 وهﻰ

 ذات

 ذات

 

 

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  اﻟ

  اﻟ

 ﺮﺳﻢ

 ﺮﺳﻢ

 اﻟ

 اﻟ

 ﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ

 ﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ

 ـﺟ

 ـﺟ

-

-

   اﻟ

   اﻟ

       ﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

       ﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

 وهﻰ

 وهﻰ

       ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ

       ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ

٣٣

٣٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

٢

٢

-

-

 ا

 ا

-

-

 

 

        اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

        اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

 )

 )

 اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ

 اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ

(

(

 

 

Million map

Million map

١

١

-

-

   ﺗﺒﺪأ

   ﺗﺒﺪأ

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

 ﻣﻦ

 ﻣﻦ

     

     

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

/ 

/ 

١

١

 

 

 

 

   ﻓﺄﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ

   ﻓﺄﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٢

٢

/ 

/ 

١

١

 

 

            

            

أو

أو

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

  

  

٥

٥

/ 

/ 

١

١

 

 

              أو ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

              أو ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

  

  

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠١

٠١

/ 

/ 

١

١

  و هﻜﺬا

  و هﻜﺬا

 .

 .

-

-

        ﺗﺸﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ

        ﺗﺸﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ

    اﻷﻃﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻰ

    اﻷﻃﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻰ

    ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺼﻮرة

    ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺼﻮرة

                 اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻷرض و ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﺎرات و اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪول

                 اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻷرض و ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﺎرات و اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪول

      وﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺪن و اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ

      وﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺪن و اﻟﻤﻮاﻧﺊ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ

.

.

٤٣

٤٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ

٥٣

٥٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

٢

٢

-

-

 ب

 ب

-

-

        اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

        اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

  

  

Topographic Maps

Topographic Maps

ا

ا

      ﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

      ﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

            ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة أو ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

            ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة أو ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

     وﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ

     وﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ

ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

    اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

    اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

  ﻣﺜﻞ

  ﻣﺜﻞ

   اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

   اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

)

)

       ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط

       ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

(

(

  

  

و

و

    اﻟﻄﺮق

    اﻟﻄﺮق

     واﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت واﻟﻤﺪن واﻟﻘﺮى

     واﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت واﻟﻤﺪن واﻟﻘﺮى

 و

 و

   ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ

   ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ

   اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

   اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ

 وهﻰ

 وهﻰ

        ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻏﺮاض ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺤﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

        ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻏﺮاض ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺤﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ

.

.

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

    ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

    ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

 .

 .

 ﺗﺒﺪأ

 ﺗﺒﺪأ

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

   اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

   اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

  

  

  ﻣﻦ

  ﻣﻦ

     

     

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٠١

٠٠١

/ 

/ 

١

١

 

 

 

 

 ﻓﺄآﺒﺮ

 ﻓﺄآﺒﺮ

 ﻣﺜﻞ

 ﻣﺜﻞ

         ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

         ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

  

  

٠٥

٠٥

 / 

 / 

١

١

 

 

-

-

    

    

 أو

 أو

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٥٢

٥٢

 / 

 / 

١

١

 

 

 أو

 أو

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠١

٠١

 / 

 / 

١

١

٦٣

٦٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

١

١

   : 

   : 

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠٥

٠٥

٧٣

٧٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

٨

٨

-

-

٢

٢

-

-

  ـ ﺟ

  ـ ﺟ

-

-

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

      اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

      اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

 

 

Cadastral Maps

Cadastral Maps

  

  

-

-

 

 

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 اﻟ

 اﻟ

  ﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

  ﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

            أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ و ﻟﺬﻟﻚ

            أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ و ﻟﺬﻟﻚ

         ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ آﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

         ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ آﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ

  .

  .

ﺗﻨ

ﺗﻨ

  ﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ

  ﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ

:

:

١

١

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂـ 

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂـ 

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ

: 

: 

       وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ

       وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ

  اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

  اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

 ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺎت

 ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺎت

  اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وهﻰ

  اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ وهﻰ

   ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻏﺮاض ﻓﺮض اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ

   ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ أﻏﺮاض ﻓﺮض اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ

 

 

 و

 و

  اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ

   .

   .

٢

٢

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂـ 

     اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂـ 

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

   اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ

   اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ

:

:

 

 

       ﺗﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪن و ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺢ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرﻳﺔ

       ﺗﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪن و ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺢ اﻟﺤﻀﺎرﻳﺔ

 ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

 ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

)

)

          اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﻤﺪارس واﻟﺸﻮارع

          اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﻤﺪارس واﻟﺸﻮارع

 و

 و

    ﺧﻼﻓﻪ

    ﺧﻼﻓﻪ

 (

 (

 آﻤﺎ

 آﻤﺎ

    ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﻳﺔ

    ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﻳﺔ

 اﻟﺘﻰ

 اﻟﺘﻰ

  ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم

  ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم

  ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ

  ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ

   .

   .

     ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

     ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

    اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

    اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

 اﻟﻜﺎدﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ

   أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

٠١

٠١

/

/

١

١

، 

، 

ﻣﺜﻞ

ﻣﺜﻞ

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

   ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

٠٠٠٥

٠٠٠٥

/

/

١

١

  أو

  أو

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

 

 

٠٠٥٢

٠٠٥٢

/

/

١

١

 

 

  أو ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

  أو ﻣﻘﻴﺎس

٠٠٠

٠٠٠

 

 

١

١

/

/

١

١

 

 

٨٣

٨٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

             ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

             ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ

١

١

   : 

   : 

٠٠٥٢

٠٠٥٢

٩٣

٩٣

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

                   أﻧﻮاع وﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ

                   أﻧﻮاع وﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ

-

-

  

  

       ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻓﻚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎم زراﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

       ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻓﻚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎم زراﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

١

١

/

/

٠٠٥٢

٠٠٥٢

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٠١

٠٠٠٠١

     وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

     وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

اﻵﺗﻰ

اﻵﺗﻰ

 :

 :

إﺳﻢ

إﺳﻢ

       اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

       اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

-

-

  اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ

  اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ

-

-

 اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ

 اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ

-

-

 

 

إﺳﻢ

إﺳﻢ

        اﻟﺤﻮض ورﻗﻤﻪ

        اﻟﺤﻮض ورﻗﻤﻪ

-

-

  رﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ

  رﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ

 .

 .

-

-

  

  

     ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

     ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

١

١

/

/

٠٠٥

٠٠٥

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠١

٠٠٠١

 

 

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٥

٠٠٠٥

      و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

      و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ

اﻵﺗﻰ

اﻵﺗﻰ

 :

 :

إﺳﻢ

إﺳﻢ

       اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

       اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ

-

-

  اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

  اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ

-

-

 

 

 إﺳﻢ

 إﺳﻢ

       اﻟﺸﺎرع رﻗﻤﻪ واﻟﺤﻰ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻪ

       اﻟﺸﺎرع رﻗﻤﻪ واﻟﺤﻰ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻪ

-

-

رﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر

رﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر

.

.

 

 

-

-

  

  

        ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

        ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٥٢

٠٠٠٥٢

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٠٥

٠٠٠٠٥

 

 

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٠٠١

٠٠٠٠٠١

 

 

-

-

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٠٠٥

٠٠٠٠٠٥

     وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺗﻰ

     وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺗﻰ

 :

 :

            ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻄﻮل و داﺋﺮة اﻟﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن

            ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻄﻮل و داﺋﺮة اﻟﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن

         وآﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ

         وآﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ

-

-

           ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺪرﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

           ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺪرﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ

١

١

/

/

٠٠٠٠٠٠١

٠٠٠٠٠٠١

     ﻓﺄآﺜﺮ و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت

     ﻓﺄآﺜﺮ و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت

  ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ

  ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ

 اﻵﺗﻰ

 اﻵﺗﻰ

 :

 :

              ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﺎرة او اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب وﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب

              ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﺎرة او اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب وﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب

٠٤

٠٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

        اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

        اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

 

 

 اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

 اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

  اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

 

 

١٤

١٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟ

   اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟ

        ﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

        ﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ

     واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

     واﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

   اﺷﺘﻖ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ

   اﺷﺘﻖ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ

 )

 )

  ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ

  ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ

(

(

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ

   ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ

 

 

(TOPOS)

(TOPOS)

   و ﻣﻌﻨﺎهﺎ

   و ﻣﻌﻨﺎهﺎ

)

)

 ﻣﻜﺎن

 ﻣﻜﺎن

 (

 (

 و

 و

  

  

(GRAPHIA)

(GRAPHIA)

   و ﻣﻌﻨﺎهﺎ

   و ﻣﻌﻨﺎهﺎ

 )

 )

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ رﺳﻢ أو وﺻﻒ

     ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ رﺳﻢ أو وﺻﻒ

.(

.(

     و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ آﻠﻤﺔ

     و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ آﻠﻤﺔ

    ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ

    ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ

 :

 :

      اﻟﻮﺻﻒ أو اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن

      اﻟﻮﺻﻒ أو اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن

. 

. 

و

و

هﻰ

هﻰ

              ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة أو ﻣﺤﺪودة، ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﺒآ سﺎﻴﻘﻤﺑ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ ﻦﻋ ةرﺎﺒﻋ 

              ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة أو ﻣﺤﺪودة، ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﺒآ سﺎﻴﻘﻤﺑ ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ ﻦﻋ ةرﺎﺒﻋ 

     ﻣﻦ

     ﻣﻦ

    ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

    ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض

     ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

     ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

)

)

 اﻟﻄﺮق

 اﻟﻄﺮق

  

  

 و

 و

   اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت و اﻟﻤﺪن و اﻟﻘﺮى

   اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت و اﻟﻤﺪن و اﻟﻘﺮى

 (

 (

 ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

 ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ

 .

 .

     و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ ا

     و ﺗﺸﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ ا

 ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

 ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ

 ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

 ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

       اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل

       اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل

      ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 ،

 ،

و

و

 ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ

 ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ

 ﻓﻰ

 ﻓﻰ

   رﺳﻤﻬﺎ

   رﺳﻤﻬﺎ

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت

  ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت

     وأﺟﻬﺰة

     وأﺟﻬﺰة

    اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

    اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ

.

.

                   واﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ هﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ وهﻰ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ

                   واﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ هﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ وهﻰ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ

 ﺑﺼﻔﺔ

 ﺑﺼﻔﺔ

        أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط

        أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

        وﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎدﻩ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ

        وﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎدﻩ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ

 .

 .

٢٤

٢٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      ﻃﺮق اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣ

      ﻃﺮق اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣ

ﻰ

ﻰ

      اﻷرﺿ

      اﻷرﺿ

 ﻰ

 ﻰ

١

١

-

-

 

 

     اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎ

     اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎ

 ط

 ط

 

 

٢

٢

-

-

            اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ

            اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ

٣

٣

-

-

        ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﻘﺎط

        ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻨﻘﺎط

٤

٤

-

-

 ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ

 ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ

         اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ

         اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ

 

 

و

و

   اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

   اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ

٣٤

٣٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ا

 ا

ﻷ

ﻷ

      ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

      ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ

 ﻓﻰ

 ﻓﻰ

    اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎ

    اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎ

 ﺣﻰ

 ﺣﻰ

     اﻷر

     اﻷر

  ﺿﻰ

  ﺿﻰ

 

 

١

١

-

-

 

 

  اﻻدوات اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ

  اﻻدوات اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ

اﻟﺸﺮ

اﻟﺸﺮ

 ﻳ

 ﻳ

   ﻂ واﻟ

   ﻂ واﻟ

 ﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

 ﺠﻨﺰﻳﺮ

Tape and Chain

Tape and Chain

-

-

  اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ

  اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ

  اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرﻳﺔ

  اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرﻳﺔ

  ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ

  ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ

  

  

Compass

Compass

-

-

 

 

ا

ا

  ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ

  ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ

     اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

     اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ

Plane Table 

Plane Table 

٢

٢

-

-

 

 

ا

ا

ﻷ

ﻷ

    ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ

    ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ

اﻟ

اﻟ

ﺘ

ﺘ

  ﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

  ﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

  

  

Theodolite

Theodolite

 

 

–

–

 

 

 اﻟﻤﻴﺰان

 اﻟﻤﻴﺰان

  

  

Level

Level

 

 

٣

٣

-

-

 

 

ا

ا

ﻷ

ﻷ

  ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

  ﺟﻬﺰﻩ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

       اﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

       اﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ

 

 

EDM

EDM

-

-

 

 

     ﻣﺤﻄﺔ

     ﻣﺤﻄﺔ

اﻷرﺻﺎد

اﻷرﺻﺎد

  اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

  اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

 

 

Total 

Total 

station 

station 

٤

٤

-

-

     أﺟﻬﺰة

     أﺟﻬﺰة

    ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ

    ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ

GPS 

GPS 

٤٤

٤٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ

  ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ

ﺧﻄﻮط

ﺧﻄﻮط

        ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ،نﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﻤهو 

        ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ،نﻮﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﻤهو 

     ﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

     ﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﻳﺲ

 

 

وﺗﻤﺮ

وﺗﻤﺮ

  ﺑﻜﻞ ا

  ﺑﻜﻞ ا

    ﻟﻨﻘﺎط

    ﻟﻨﻘﺎط

      اﻟﺘﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع

      اﻟﺘﻰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع

  أو

  أو

   اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض

   اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض

  ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ

  ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ

-

-

 

 

  ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ

  ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ

 هﻮ

 هﻮ

        اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت

        اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت

)

)

    اﻟﺼﻔﺮ

    اﻟﺼﻔﺮ

.(

.(

 أﻋﻼ

 أﻋﻼ

   ﻩ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت

   ﻩ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت

 

 

    وأدﻧﺎﻩ

    وأدﻧﺎﻩ

         ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ زرﻗﺎء اﻟﻠﻮن ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎق

         ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ زرﻗﺎء اﻟﻠﻮن ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎق

 .

 .

-

-

 

 

       اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ أن

       اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ أن

       اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

       اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

)

)

     اﻟﻔﺮق

     اﻟﻔﺮق

    اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ

    اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ

 ﺑﻴﻦ

 ﺑﻴﻦ

 ﺧﻄﻰ

 ﺧﻄﻰ

آﻨﺘﻮر

آﻨﺘﻮر

(

(

 

 

 ﻻ

 ﻻ

 ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ

 ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ

         ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة

         ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة

 

 

٥٤

٥٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

         أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

         أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻷﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

    اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

    اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

٦٤

٦٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

        أﻧﻮاع ﺧﻄﻮط

        أﻧﻮاع ﺧﻄﻮط

     اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

     اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

١

١

-

-

  

  

     ﺧﻄﻮط

     ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ

  اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ

 

 

Index contours 

Index contours 

:

:

   ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ

   ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ

    ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺔ

    ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺔ

       ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ و ﺗﻜﻮن داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ

       ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ و ﺗﻜﻮن داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ

 .

 .

 

 

٢

٢

-

-

  

  

     ﺧﻄﻮط

     ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ

 اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ

       اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ

       اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ

Intermediate contours

Intermediate contours

 

 

:

:

 

 

 و هﻰ

 و هﻰ

    ﺧﻄﻮط

    ﺧﻄﻮط

  

  

ﺗ

ﺗ

  ﺘﺨﻠﻞ

  ﺘﺨﻠﻞ

      ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

      ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻧﺠﺪ داﺋﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ، ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا 

      ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻧﺠﺪ داﺋﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ، ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا 

   ﺧﻂ

   ﺧﻂ

آﻨﺘﻮر

آﻨﺘﻮر

     رﺋﻴﺴﻰ و ﺁﺧﺮ

     رﺋﻴﺴﻰ و ﺁﺧﺮ

 أرﺑﻌﺔ

 أرﺑﻌﺔ

 )

 )

٤

٤

   (

   (

     ﺧﻄﻮط

     ﺧﻄﻮط

آﻨﺘﻮر

آﻨﺘﻮر

  

  

   ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ

   ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ

 .

 .

٣

٣

-

-

 

 

     ﺧﻄﻮط

     ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ

  اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ

Supplementary contours

Supplementary contours

 

 

 :

 :

     ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ

     ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ

     اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ

     اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ

  ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ

  ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ

       ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﻮط

       ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

     اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ

     اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ

 ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪا آﺒﻴﺮا

 ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪا آﺒﻴﺮا

.

.

      ﻟﺬا ﻧﻠﺠﺄ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت إﻟﻰ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻮع ﺛﺎﻟﺚ

      ﻟﺬا ﻧﻠﺠﺄ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت إﻟﻰ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻮع ﺛﺎﻟﺚ

      ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

           ﻏﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ إﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﺎ أهﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط

           ﻏﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ إﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﺎ أهﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ

   اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ و اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ

 .

 .

٧٤

٧٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

350

350

300

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 ﺧﻂ

آﻨﺘﻮر

  إﺿﺎﻓﻰ

 ﺧﻂ

آﻨﺘﻮر

 

ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ

ﺧﻂ

 

آﻨﺘﻮر

  إﺿﺎﻓﻰ

          ﻣﺜﺎل ﻷﻧﻮاع ﺧﻄﻮط

          ﻣﺜﺎل ﻷﻧﻮاع ﺧﻄﻮط

    اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

    اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

٨٤

٨٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

       ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺧﻄﻮط

       ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

١

١

-

-

       ﺧﻄﻮط

       ﺧﻄﻮط

  ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ

  ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻋ

   ﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ

   ﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ

        أو ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ

        أو ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ

 ،

 ،

  وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻟﻰ

  وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻟﻰ

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

       اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة

 .

 .

٢

٢

-

-

 

 

          ﺗﺴﺎوى اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻳﻌﻨﻰ

          ﺗﺴﺎوى اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻳﻌﻨﻰ

 إﻧﺤﺪار

 إﻧﺤﺪار

   ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ

   ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ

 .

 .

٣

٣

-

-

       ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط

       ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

     ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺤﺪار

     ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺤﺪار

   ﺑﺴﻴﻂ

   ﺑﺴﻴﻂ

 )

 )

  ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﻴﺔ

  ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﻴﺔ

  ﻣﺜﻼ

  ﻣﺜﻼ

 .(

 .(

٤

٤

-

-

 

 

      ﺗﻘﺎرب ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﺗﻘﺎرب ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

       ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺤﺪار ﺷﺪﻳﺪ

       ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺤﺪار ﺷﺪﻳﺪ

)

)

   ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ

   ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ

. (

. (

 

 

٥

٥

-

-

 

 

     ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط

     ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  

  

 ﻓﻰ

 ﻓﻰ

          ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺟﺮف

          ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺟﺮف

)

)

   هﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺴﻰ

   هﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺴﻰ

   ذات ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﺒﻪ

   ذات ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﺒﻪ

رأﺳﻰ

رأﺳﻰ

.(

.(

 

 

٦

٦

-

-

  ﺗﻜﺮار ﻗﻴﻢ

  ﺗﻜﺮار ﻗﻴﻢ

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

  ﻳﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﻌﻜﺎس

  ﻳﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﻌﻜﺎس

 اﻷﻧﺤﺪار

 اﻷﻧﺤﺪار

   .

   .

٧

٧

-

-

 

 

ﻻ ﺗﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ

ﻻ ﺗﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ

 

 

      ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 

 

 اﻹ

 اﻹ

    ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪا

    ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺟﺪا

 .

 .

٩٤

٩٤

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

         ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

         ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ

   اﻧﺤﺪار ﺷﺪﻳﺪ

   اﻧﺤﺪار ﺑﺴﻴﻂ

٠٥

٠٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط

 ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

١٥

١٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

            ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

            ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

٢٥

٢٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

            ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

            ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

٣٥

٣٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

    اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ

 

 

  ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

  ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

 

 

٤٥

٤٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

      ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

      ﻃﺮق رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

     اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

     اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

        ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ

        ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ

:

:

١

١

-

-

          ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد إﻧﺸﺎء ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ

          ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد إﻧﺸﺎء ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ آﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ

 .

 .

٢

٢

-

-

       ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

       ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ

.

.

٣

٣

-

-

  رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

  رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

   اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر

.

.

٥٥

٥٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

١

١

-

-

               ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

               ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ

            ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ

            ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ

:

:

-

-

       إذا آﺎن ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺎ

       إذا آﺎن ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺎ

   اﻟﻤﻴﺰان واﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

   اﻟﻤﻴﺰان واﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ

  ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ

  ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ

       ا

       ا

-

-

       ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

       ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

       ب

       ب

-

-

    ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

    ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

-

-

          أﻣﺎ إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺎح

          أﻣﺎ إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺎح

ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ

       وﺷﺮﻳﻂ أو ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

       وﺷﺮﻳﻂ أو ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ

  

  

ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ

ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ

 ـ     ﺟ

 ـ     ﺟ

-

-

   ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ

   ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ

  اﻹﺗﺠﺎهﺎت

  اﻹﺗﺠﺎهﺎت

٦٥

٦٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

 ا

 ا

-

-

        ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

        ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

:

:

-

-

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻀﻠﻊ ذات أﺿﻼع ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة

     ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﻀﻠﻊ ذات أﺿﻼع ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة

-

-

              ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪات ﺻﻐﻴﺮة

              ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪات ﺻﻐﻴﺮة

)

)

      ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

      ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت

 ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ

 ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ

   (

   (

     وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

     وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

    اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

    اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

    واﻷوﺗﺎد واﻟﺠﻴﺮ

    واﻷوﺗﺎد واﻟﺠﻴﺮ

 .

 .

-

-

            ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ أرآﺎن هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ أرآﺎن اﻟﻮﺣﺪا

            ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ أرآﺎن هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ أرآﺎن اﻟﻮﺣﺪا

 ت

 ت

A

A

B

B

E

E

G

G

H

H

D

D

C

C

J

J

I

I

1

1

F

F

2

2

8

8

6

6

5

5

4

4

7

7

3

3

9

9

 ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ

 ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ

      اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ

      اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ

Excel

Excel

٧٥

٧٥

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

ب

ب

-

-

    ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

    ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

:

:

    ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻷرض

    ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻷرض

-

-

            ﻧﺤﺪد ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

            ﻧﺤﺪد ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام

    اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

    اﻟﺸﻮاﺧﺺ

     واﻷوﺗﺎد واﻟﺠﻴﺮ

     واﻷوﺗﺎد واﻟﺠﻴﺮ

-

-

            ﻧﺄﺧﺬ أﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

            ﻧﺄﺧﺬ أﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

 .

 .

-

-

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

       ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

5

5

10

10

25

25

5

5

20

20

20

20

15

15

10

10

1

1

15

15

2

2

8

8

6

6

5

5

4

4

7

7

3

3

9

9

ﻳﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

ﻳﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

 ﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

 ﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ آﻞ

    ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ آﻞ

٥

٥

م

م

     ﻳﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر

     ﻳﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر