ملخص

4-associated feature with ascites include distortion or aversion of umbilicus and abdominal striae
Investigation:
1-Ultra sound
2-Radiographic
3-Abdominal Paracentesis

General appearance and color may help to identify the causes like:

cirrhosis and H.F; clear, or slight yellow
T.B-straw-color
Infection –cloudy
Malignant –bloody

Two type of fluid in Aspiration

Exudate protein more than 30gm/l
Transudate protein less than 30gm/l Causes, liver cirrhosis, H.F, nephritic synod.

Manifestation of renal diseases

PAIN ; Renal pain Ureteric pain Urinary bladder pain


Amount of urine…
Normal 500-2000ml
Abnormal-polyuria more than 2000ml
-oliguria less than 500
- anuria less than 50 or no urine
-nocturia night urination

Dysuria painful urination

Frequency
hesitancy

urgency

precipitancy
Color of urine
-normal
-abnormal
1- dark yellow urine
2- darkening on standing- porphyria, alcaptonuria
3- red urine - hematuria,

Features related to urine voiding

1- enuresis
2- incontinence
3- retention
4- retention with over flow


General features related to renal disease
1- fever
2- vomiting
3- edema