Instincts

Instincts

Instincts
The term instinct refer to the form of behaviour which are determined by an innate mechanism, this type of behaviour is independent of experience and it build-up congenitally.
For example the child’s smile to the parent face, this is instinctive smile of the baby, it means that the baby seeing and recognizing a loved one’s face, this is an innate (unlearned instinctive behaviour).

The fear reaction originates during the second six months of life, this suggest the possibility that fear responses require some degrees of maturity of the nervous system.
The complex behaviour of various animals species the nest building, migration of the birds and fishes, widely used, they refer it to such unlearned, goal directed behaviour.

Imprinting

Imprinting: The best example is that a young duck start to following its mother shortly after it is hatched, but if duck exposed after hatching to a model mother moving for 10 minutes between 12-17 hours after hatching will continue to remain with model mother against the attraction of live ducks, it means the imprinting has occur.

Maternal drive

Maternal drive: A mother rat is strangle motivated to acre for her newborn baby. She will return to the nest if they are placed outside it, if she is separated from them, she will overcome the barriers and suffer pain in order to reach them, this is an instinctive behaviour.

Some drive with physical bases

Drive to avoid extremes of temperature drive to avoid suffocation.
Drive against accumulating waste products in the body.
Drive against excessive fatigue.
These drives done on a physiological bases.



The drive and incentive
The positive incentive
A positive incentive considered first as something that can satisfy the drive.
A positive incentive can be an object that can reduce the drive through satisfying the need.
As food can satisfy the hunger, good music as a positive attract attention toward itself.

The drive initiates activity of a preparatory sort, leading the organism to the incentive. The incentive then reduces the drive and the organism is less tense and restless.

Locomotor exploration

It refers to the tendency of animals to run a boat when in a new place investigating environment like a cat in a new house.
Piaget has made a number of observation on infant in early of their life. Piaget has reach to learning took place when an incentive reduced drive.
Motivation was given a general biological bases by those who believed that in reducing drive the incentive returned the organism to a move homeostatic state.

Motive

Desired goal
Blocked by barrier like obstacles
Deficiency
Restriction by society custom
Frustration


Immediate consequence remote consequences
(defense mechanism)

Immediate consequences

Aggression direct aggression
displaced aggression
Restlessness
Destructiveness
Apathy
Fantasy
Stereotype
Regression