Delusion
An abnormal belief which is held with absolute subjective certainty, which requires no external proof, which may be held in the face of contradictory evidence, and which has personal significance and importance to the individual concerned. Excluded are those beliefs which can be understood as part of the subject's cultural or religious background. While the content is usually demonstrably false and bizarre in nature, this is not invariably so.Paranoid delusion
Persecutory delusion: Persecutory delusions are a condition in which the affected person wrongly believes that they are being persecuted.Grandiose delusion :An individual is convinced they have special powers, talents, or abilities.
Delusional jealousy: A person with this delusion falsely believes that a spouse or lover is having an affair, with no proof to back up their claim.
Delusion of love
HallucinationsPseudo-hallucinations
Pseudo-hallucinationsHallucinations of individual senses
Auditory hallucinationAuditory hallucination
Auditory hallucinationAuditory hallucination
Auditory hallucinationAuditory hallucination
Vision(visual hallucination)Vision(visual hallucination)
Vision(visual hallucination)Vision(visual hallucination)
Smell (olfactory hallucination)Taste (gustatory hallucination)
Touch (tactile hallucination)Special kinds of hallucination
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations These hallucinations occur when the subject is falling asleep or waking up respectively. Healthy people Narcolepsy.Organic hallucinations
Organic hallucinations can occur in any sensory modality Organic visual hallucinations temporal lobe lesions. Charles Bonnet syndrome consists of visual hallucinations due to impaired vision . dementias delirium substance abuse are associated .
organic somatic hallucination phantom limb (amputated, loss of sensation). phantom organs (mastectomy, enuleation of the eye, removal of the larynx or the construction of a colostomy). distortion or splitting-off of body parts (Lesions of the parietal lobe).
The patient’s attitude to hallucinations
First-rank symptoms in schizophreniaAuditory hallucinations Hearing voices conversing with one another (third person hallucination). Voices heard commenting on one's actions (hallucination of running commentary) Thought echo (a form of auditory hallucination in which the patient hears his/her thoughts spoken aloud)
First-rank symptoms in schizophrenia
Passivity experiences (in which the individual has the experience of the mind or body being under the influence or control of some kind of external force or agency; delusions of control or of being controlled)First-rank symptoms in schizophrenia
First-rank symptoms in schizophreniaDelusional perception (linking a normal sensory perception to a bizarre conclusion, e.g. seeing an airplane means the patient is the president).