Q.1 discuss briefly the followings (40 mark )
Q1.what are the radiological appearance of secondary metastasis to the bone & possible common cause of each type ?
Q2. What are the radiological findings of the intussusception seen in various radiological examination ?
Q3. what are the radiological findings in IVU examination in pelvi - ureteric junction obstruction ?
Q4. 64 years old male , heavy smoker presented with history of hemoptysis , chest XR was done for him , & it reveals ( rather well defined mass lesion ) 3.5 cm in diameter cross section at the right mid zone hilar area.
1.what is the possible diagnosis ?
2.write the possible radiological features might be seen ?
Q5. make a comparison between radiological features of empyema & lung abscess .
Q6. by a comparison what are the main radiological difference in CT examination between the epidural & subdural hematoma .Q7.define hydrocephalous , what are their main types & how can you differentiate radiologically between them ?
Q8. Regarding MRI examination answer the followings
1.what is the principle of MRI examination ?
2.What type of nuclei upon it the examination depend ?
3.what is the range of magnetic field strength ?
4.what are the MRI parameters & their value ?
5.what is being absolutely contra indicated in pregnancy CT scan or MRI , which one have ionizing radiation ?
Q2 .answer the followings ( 30 mark )
1. When you find a lump in mammogram , who can you adjust the mass findings being malignant ?2.define hydropis fetalis .. what are the ultra sonographic findings during examination ?
3.what is the most appropriate congenital heart disease related to abnormal following cardiac shape & outline
figure of 3 sign
box shape heart
boot shaped heart
Egg-on-a-string sign
figure of 8 heart
Q3. Answer only with ( T ) or ( F ) ( 30 mark )
1. Normal CT attention value of thyroid gland tissue is in the range between 35-50 HU2.regaurding the CT scan examination of the brain , Hyper dense area surrounded by large area of peri focal edema, which may cause shifting of the midline typical appearance of brain abscess .
3. opacification of the falx cerebri is being one of a CT scan feature of Subarachnoid hemorrhage .
4. communicating hydrocephalous is an obstruction of the ventricular pathway occur at the level of arachnoids' granulation secondary to lodge by blood clot or inflammation .
5. In pancreatitis The fluid around the pancreas if persist more than 8 w become encysted leading to the pancreatic pseudo cyst formation clearly seen in CT scan examination of abdomen .
6.In left upper lobe collapse, Left dome of diaphragm is elevated
7.Lung opacity without air bronchogram , excluding pneumonia .
8.In pneumothorax, lung margin is clearly identified .
9.In pleural effusion , presence of meniscus sign exclude pleural air .
10.Pulmonary metastases can be differentiated from multiple hydatid cysts on chest XR obviously .
11. In some cases, CXR PA view should be taken on full expiration .
12.Golden S sign indicating hilar mass with lower lobe collapse
13.Water lily sign can be seen rarely in lung abscess
14.In Chest XR of the heart ( double density sign ) , representing enlarged right atrium pushes into the adjacent lungand creates an addition contour superimposed over the right heart.
15. globular enlargement of the heart infavour of pericardial effusion .
16.Ultrasound can detect even radiolucent stone
17.Renal cell CA is easier to be diagnosed on IVU than Transitional cell CA.
Virtually all stones can be seen on CT scan . 18.
19.Duplication is the most common congenital anomaly of renal system .
20.In simple ureterocele , ureter usually inserted into bladder neck .
21. Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic disorder in which specialized squamous epithelium replaces healthy columnar epithelium , & it is premalignant condition .
22. regarding Ba. Swallow examination of the esophagus
a constant narrowing , Long length in the lower third part of the esophagus Smooth and regular giving funnel shape appearance typically seen in achalasia cardia
23. regarding Ba. meal examination of the stomach Hamptons line is 3 mm straight line thickness at the base of ulcer in profile view which represents undermined gastric mucosal destruction .
24. About 95% of duodenal ulcers occur in the duodenal bulb,and the rest occur in the post bulbar duodenal part .
25. Crohn's disease is aninflammatory bowel diseasewhich predominantly affects thecolon, but also has extra intestinal manifestation , Involvement of the rectum is almost always present in (95%) of cases .
26 . Most important diseases causing Alteration in the shape of the bone are osteogenesis imperfecta, acromegaly & expanding bone tumors .
27.Ewing sarcoma is Highly malignant bone tumor with tendency to metastasize , occur in children , affecting the shaft of long bone cause , ill-defined destruction of the bone with onion peal periosteal reaction .
28 . in case of osteomyelitis ( sequestrum ) represents a new bone formation appear as a thick sheath of periosteal reaction surrounding a dead bone ( involucrum ) .
29.codfish vertebra being a Vertebral collapse associated with markedly reduced disc space that occur in osteomalacia .
30.Kienbock's disease of the bone , representing osteochodrosis of the naviculer bone
Time: three Hours
Date: 21/6/2016Lecturer: Staff of Dept.
الاجابه على الدفتر
University of Mosul
College: MedicineDept.: Radiology
Class: 5th year
Subject: Radiology