References
CITING A BOOK1. Name/s of author/s, editor/s, compiler/s or the institution responsible.
Where there are 6 or less authors you must list all authors.
Where there are 7 or more authors, only the first 6 are listed and add “et al” (et al means “and others”).
Put a comma and 1 space between each name. The last author must have a full-stop after their initial(s).
Example : Smith AK, Jones BC.
Example : Smith AK, Jones BC, Bloggs TC, Ashe PT, Fauci AS, Wilson JD et al.
2. Title of publication and subtitle if any
• Do not use italics or underlining.
• Only the first word of journal articles or book titles (and words that normally begin with a capital letter) are capitalised. Example: Harrison's principles of internal medicine.
3. Edition, if other than first edition.
• Abbreviate the word edition to:- ed. (Do not confuse with editor.) Example : 3rd ed.
4. Place of publication
• If the publishers are located in more than one city, cite the name of the city that is printed first.
• Write the place name in full.
• If the place name is not well known, add a comma, 1 space and the state or the country for clarification. Example : Kyoto (Japan)
5. Publisher
• The publisher’s name should be spelt out in full. Example : Australian Government Publishing Service;
6. Year of publication. Example : 2000. p. 12-5.
7. Page numbers (if applicable).
• Abbreviate the word page to “p.”. Example : p. 333,338,340-5. (when article not on continuous pages)
8. Series title and individual volume (if any).
• Put in brackets.
• Abbreviate the word volume to “vol”.
Example : (Annals of the New York academy of sciences; vol 288).
Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 14th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, Health Professions Division; 1998.
Chapter or part of a book to which a number of authors have contributed
Porter RJ, Meldrum BS. Antiepileptic drugs. In: Katzung BG. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 6th ed. Norwalk (CN): Appleton and Lange; 1995. p. 361-80.
CITING A JOURNAL ARTICLE
1. Name/s of author/s of the article.
2. Title of article.
Example : Validation of an immunoassay for measurement of plasma total homocysteine.
3. Title of journal (abbreviated).
• Note: no punctuation marks are used in the abbreviated journal name – just spaces.
Example : BMJ /
Example : J Mol Biol
4. Year (and month/day if necessary/available) of publication.
• Abbreviate the month to the first 3 letters. Example : 1996 Jun 1;12(5):127-33.
5. Volume number (and issue/part -). Example : 1996;12(5):127-33. or 1996;12:127-33
6. Page numbers Example : 531-5
Russell FD, Coppell AL, Davenport AP. In vitro enzymatic processing of radiolabelled big ET-1 in human kidney as a food ingredient. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Mar 1;55(5):697-701.No author given in article
Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas [editorial]. BMJ 1981;283:628.
CITING A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Author if given
Title of article
Name of newspaper
Date of edition
Section if applicable
Page/s
Column number
Lee G. Hospitalizations tied to ozone pollution: study estimates 50,000 admissions annually. The Washington Post 1996 Jun 21;Sect. A:3 (col. 5).
Journal on the Internet
Author/s
Title of article
Abbreviated title of electronic journal
Publication year
month(s) - if available
Volume number
Issue number
Page numbers
Available from URL:URL address underlined
Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious disease. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1999 Dec 25]; 1(1):[24 screens].
Available from:URL:http://www/cdc/gov/ncidoc/EID/eid.htm
WWW site
Author
Title [Online]
Publication Year (1 space) [cited year month (abbreviated) day]
Number of pages
Available from URL: URL address underlined.
National Organization for Rare Diseases [Online]. 1999 Aug 16 [cited 1999 Aug 21]; Available from: URL:http://www.rarediseases.org/